![The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14] - Читать Любимую Русскую Полную Книгу 👉 Read-E-Book.com](/uploads/posts/books/4/1/3/0/the-great-events-by-famous-historians-volumes-1-14-download.jpg)
The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
Florence becomes an independent republic.
Battle of Gisors, France; Richard Coeur de Lion defeats the French; his war-cry, "Dieu et mon droit" later became the motto to the arms of England.
1199. Richard Coeur de Lion is slain while contesting with one of his
French vassals. John usurps the throne of England to the exclusion of
Prince Arthur. See "PHILIP OF FRANCE WINS THE FRENCH DOMAINS
OF THE ENGLISH KINGS," vi, 86.
A quarrel between Parma and Placentia inflames a general war among the cities of Lombardy.
1200. King John and Philip Augustus, the latter forsaking Arthur's cause, come to terms.
Pope Innocent III compels Philip Augustus to take back his queen, whom he had divorced.
1201. Fourth Crusade undertaken by Baldwin of Flanders, Simon de Montfort, and Boniface of Montserrat; treaty of the nobles of France and Flanders with Venice.
Chartering of the University of Paris, by Philip.
1202. Venice secures the help of the crusaders by agreeing to transport them to Palestine, in place of a part of the payment, in the conquest of the city of Zara, then in rebellion.
Prince Arthur made prisoner by his uncle, King John, who murders him. See "PHILIP OF FRANCE WINS THE FRENCH DOMAINS OF THE ENGLISH KINGS," vi, 86.
1203. Constantinople attacked and taken by the Venetians and crusaders, who restore the emperor Isaac Angelus.
A great Mongol empire raised by Ghengis Khan. See "FOUNDING OF THE
MONGOL EMPIRE BY GHENGIS KHAN," vi, 103.
1204. Constantinople in revolt. See "VENETIANS AND CRUSADERS TAKE CONSTANTINOPLE," vi, 121.
Loss of Normandy and other French possessions by King John of England. See "PHILIP OF FRANCE WINS THE FRENCH DOMAINS OF THE ENGLISH KINGS," vi, 86.
Foundation of the Latin Empire of the East. See "LATIN EMPIRE OF THE
EAST," vi, 140.
1205. Boniface sells Crete to the Venetians.
1206. Henry of Flanders elected emperor of Constantinople; he vainly attempts to remedy the civil and ecclesiastical confusion in his dominions.
Theodore Lascaris, son-in-law of Alexius III, establishes the Greek empire of Nicaea.
1207. Stephen Langton consecrated archbishop of Canterbury by Innocent III; resistance of King John. See "INNOCENT III EXALTS THE PAPAL POWER," vi, 156.
1208. Tuscany ceases to be a separate state, except the republic of Florence.
A crusade against the Albigenses is proclaimed by Innocent III.
An interdict laid on England as King John persists in rejecting
Stephen Langton. See "INNOCENT III EXALTS THE PAPAL POWER," vi, 156.
Assassination of Philip of Swabia by Otho, Count of Wittelsbach; Otho
IV becomes emperor of Germany in place of his father.
1209. Foundation of the order of Franciscans.
Defeat of the Scots under William I in an invasion of England.
Salinguerra, leader of the Ghibellines at Ferrara, expels the marquis
Azzo and the Guelfs.
Massacre of the Albigenses by the crusaders, at Beziers, France. See
"INNOCENT III EXALTS THE PAPAL POWER," vi, 156.
1210. Emperor Otho IV claims Sicily of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen; he attempts its conquest. He is excommunicated by the Pope.
Fourteen heretics are condemned to the flames by the Council of Paris; the works of Aristotle are ordered to be burned, and the future translation and reading of them forbidden.
1211. Marquis Azzo recovers his influence in Ferrara.
1212. Frederick of Hohenstaufen, supported by Innocent III, wars with Otho for the German crown.
Battle of Navasde Tolosa; the kings of Castile, Aragon, and Navarre crush the Moors and destroy the Almohade power in Spain.
Children's Crusade from France and Germany. See "THE SIXTH CRUSADE," vi, 208.
1213. King John of England submits to the Pope. See "INNOCENT III EXALTS THE PAPAL POWER," vi, 156.
Subjugation of the Albigenses by Simon de Montfort, who is awarded the principality of Toulouse,
1214. Battle of Bouvines; victory of Philip Augustus over Otho IV, supported by English and Flemish auxiliaries.
1215. Transubstantiation declared, by the twelfth general council, to be a doctrine of the Church; auricular confession enforced; it transfers the greater part of the lands of Count Raymond, the late Albigenses leader, to Simon de Montfort.
Magna Charta signed by King John. See "SIGNING OF MAGNA CHARTA," vi, 175.
In Florence begins the fierce quarrel between the Guelfs and
Ghibellines.
Founding of the order of Dominicans.
China invaded by Ghengis Khan; he captures Peking.
1216. Invited by the English barons, Louis, son of Philip Augustus, lands in England with an army; King John marches to meet him; he loses his baggage and many men in the Lincolnshire quicksands; he flees to Newark and there dies of chagrin. Henry III succeeds John; the Earl of Pembroke Protector.
1217. A fifth crusade; Andrew II, King of Hungary, and other princes head the expedition.
Simon de Montfort, during a revolt, is slain at the siege of Toulouse.
Louis is defeated by the Protector, Pembroke, and returns to France.
1218. Andrew withdraws from the crusade; it is continued by William I, Count of Holland, and John of Brienne.
1219. Damietta is reduced by the crusaders.
A bull of Pope Honorius III forbids the teaching of the civil law in the University of Paris.
1220. Imperial coronation of the Hohenstaufen Frederick II. Turkestan is overrun by the Mongols, who capture Bokhara and Samarkand.
1221. Disastrous terms are imposed on the crusaders, who evacuate Egypt.
1222. Signing of the Golden Bull of Hungary. See "THE GOLDEN BULL, 'HUNGARY'S MAGNA CHARTA,' SIGNED," vi, 191.
1223. Death of Philip Augustus; his son, Louis VIII, succeeds to the French throne.
Pope Honorius III convenes a congress at Florence; Emperor Frederick pledges himself to proceed on the crusade within two years, and to marry John de Brienne's daughter, Yolanthe.
Hacon V holds the first Norwegian parliament, or storthing, at Bergen.
1224. Victory over the Russians by the Mongols on the Kalka. See "RUSSIA CONQUERED BY THE TARTAR HORDES," vi, 196.
Amaury de Montfort cedes his claim on Toulouse to Louis VIII of
France.
1225. Pope Honorius III, annoyed by the Roman senate, retires to Tivoli.
Frederick, after obtaining a further delay of two years for his crusade, marries Yolanthe. See "THE SIXTH CRUSADE," vi, 208.
1226. Death of Louis VIII; his son, Louis IX (St. Louis), succeeds under the regency of his mother, Blanche of Castile.
Renewal of the Lombard League against Emperor Frederick II.
1227. Death of Pope Honorius III; Gregory IX, who succeeds him, urges the crusade; Frederick's first expedition miscarries. See "THE SIXTH CRUSADE," vi, 208.
Great disorders in Italy; the Gyelf partisans are driven out of Verona and Vicenza.
Death of Ghengis Khan; his four sons divide the empire between them.
1228. Death of Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury; his successor, Edmund, preserves Magna Charta from being infringed.
1229. Terms fatal to the Albigenses are accepted by Raymond VII of Toulouse.
Frederick II again departs for Palestine. See "THE SIXTH CRUSADE," vi, 208.
1230. Reconciliation of Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. First arrival of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia.
Theodor, Emperor of Thessalonica, defeated, made prisoner, and blinded by Asan, King of Bulgaria; his brother, Manuel, usurps the throne.
1231. Summoned to assist the Poles, the Teutonic Knights defeat the pagan Prussians and found their dominions on the shores of the Baltic.
Four hundred families of Oghusian Tartars, driven from Khorassan, effect a settlement near Mount Olympus; from these the Ottomans descend.