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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
1269. Charles of Anjou aids in the restoration of the Guelfs in Florence.
1270. Louis IX, of France, by his "establishments," suppresses the wager of battle and provides for a regular administration of justice.
The last of the crusades. See "Louis IX LEADS THE LAST CRUSADE," vi, 275.
Venice levies a toll on the goods of Bolognese merchants; payment is refused; war between the two states follows.
1271. Crusade of Prince Edward of England; he drives Beibars from the siege of Acre and takes Mazareth; an attempt is made to murder him.
Marco Polo sets out on his travels. See "HEIGHT OF THE MONGOL POWER IN
CHINA," vi, 287.
1272. Prince Edward concludes a truce with Beibars for ten years; he leaves Palestine. End of the crusades.
Death of Henry III of England; his son, Edward I, succeeds.
A patent of nobility is granted to his silversmith by Philip III, King of France.
1273. Election of Rudolph as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. See "FOUNDING OF THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.
1274. After a long stay in France Edward I lands in England; is crowned with his Queen, Eleanora, at Westminster.
Fourteenth general council, Second of Lyons, presided over by Pope
Gregory IX.
Death of Thomas Aquinas, the "Angelic Doctor," while on his way to attend the council of Lyons.
1275. Edward I persecutes the Jews in England.
Marriage between the doges and foreigners prohibited by the Venetians.
1276. Ottocar II, of Bohemia, is vanquished by Rudolph of Hapsburg. See "FOUNDING OF THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.
Lombardy distracted by civil wars, earthquakes, floods, famine, and pestilence, followed by a severe winter of four months.
Death of Beibars, Sultan of Egypt and Syria; succession of Kaldoun.
Edward I subdues Wales as far as Snowdon. See "EDWARD I CONQUERS
WALES," vi, 316.
1278. Prussia submits to the Teutonic Knights.
Ghibellines allowed to return to Florence.
Rudolph defeats Ottocar II at Marchfeld; he is slain. See "FOUNDING OF
THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.
1279. Edward I, of England, gives up Normandy to Philip III of France. The English Parliament passes the first statute of mortmain; it forbids the alienation in mortmain of real property to religious houses or other corporations.
1280. Kublai Khan, grandson of Ghengis Khan, completes the Mongol conquest of China.
1281. Tartars attempt the conquest of Japan. See "JAPANESE REPEL THE TARTARS," vi, 327.
A vacancy of six months in the papal chair; Martin IV ultimately elected pope.
Edward I further extends his conquest in Wales. See "EDWARD I
CONQUERS WALES," vi, 316.
1282. Rudolph of Hapsburg invests his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria, Styria, and Carniola, founding the house of Austria. See "FOUNDING OF THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.
A great inundation of the sea forms the Zuyder Zee, a large gulf in the Netherlands, formerly covered with forests and towns; thousands of lives are lost and all the towns and villages submerged.
Massacre of the French in Sicily. See "THE SICILIAN VESPERS," vi, 340,
1283. After a struggle of fifty years the Teutonic Knights complete their power over the Prussians.
1284. Naval battle of Meloria; the Genoese crush the power of the Pisans.
Queen Eleanora gives birth to a son at Carnarvon castle, Wales, afterward Edward II, from whom the eldest son of the King of England takes the title of Prince of Wales. See "EDWARD I CONQUERS WALES," vi, 316.
1285. Death of Philip III of France; his son, Philip IV, succeeds. Florence is appealed to for protection by the citizens of Pisa.
1286. First introduction of the gabelle, or salt duty, in France.
1287. Destruction of the shipping and magazines in the harbor of Pisa by the Genoese.
1288. Othman, from whose name are derived the terms Ottoman and Osmanli, lays the foundation of the Turkish empire in Asia Minor.
1289. The Ghibellines of Arezzo and their allies are defeated by the Florentines at Campaldino.
1290. Edward I expels the Jews from England. See "EXPULSION OF JEWS FROM ENGLAND," vi, 356.
Death of the "Maid of Norway," Queen of Scotland; John Balliol, Robert
Bruce, and others dispute the succession.
Ladislaus of Hungary assassinated; he is succeeded by Andrew III, called the Venetian, from the place of his birth.
1291. Edward I, of England, decides the disputed succession in Scotland; he claims and receives homage from the competitors as their suzerain.
In Switzerland the three Forest Cantons confederate, these being Uri,
Schwyz, and Unterwalden.
Siege and conquest of Acre from the Christians by Malek el-Ashref; end of the Christian realm of Jerusalem.
Death of Rudolph of Hapsburg.
Death of Saadi, the Persian poet.
1292. Edward I awards the crown of Scotland to John Balliol, who does homage to him.
Adolphus of Nassau elected to the German throne.
1293. Balliol hesitates to obey a summons from Edward I to appear in London.
1294. Under Nicolo Spinola the Genoese capture a Venetian fleet and take Canea, in the isle of Candia.
1295. Philip the Fair of France, and John Balliol, King of Scotland, make war on England.
1296. Balliol is dethroned by Edward I, who invades and conquers Scotland.
Pope Boniface VIII issues his bull (Clericus laicos) against the taxation of the property of the Church without the consent of the holy see. Philip the Fair of France refuses to comply with it.
1297. Great victory of the Scots, under William Wallace, at Stirling. See "EXPLOITS AND DEATH OF WILLIAM WALLACE," vi, 369.
Count Guy Flanders is defeated by the French.
Philip the Fair is excommunicated because his law against the export of coin stops the papal revenues derived from France.
Pope Boniface VIII prohibits the dissection of dead bodies for the study of anatomy at Bologna.
1298. Adolphus of Nassau defeated and slain by Rudolph's son, Albert, who is elected king by the German electors.
At Curzola the Genoese gain a naval victory over the Venetians.
A successful war is waged against the Colonnas by Pope Boniface VIII.
Wallace defeated at Falkirk by Edward I. See "EXPLOITS AND DEATH OF
WILLIAM WALLACE," vi, 369,
1299. Defeat of the Turks at Hems by the allied forces of the Templars and Mongols; recovery of Jerusalem for a short period.
Ottoman Turks invade the Greek empire.
1300. Institution of the jubilee by Pope Boniface VIII. See "FIRST GREAT JUBILEE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH," vi, 378.
Guy, Count of Flanders, defeated and made prisoner by Philip's brother, Charles de Valois.
A charitable society at Antwerp is first given the name of Lollards, because they lulled the sick by singing to them.
FOOTNOTES:
1. See The Peace of Constance, page 28.
2. See Archiepiscopate of Thomas Becket, page 1.
3. See Saladin Takes Jerusalem from the Christians, page 41.
4. See The Third Crusade, page 54.
5. See Philip of France Wins the French Domains of the English Kings, page 86.
6. See Signing of the Magna Charta, page 175.
7. See Innocent III Exalts the Papal Power, page 156.
8. See Decline of the Moorish Power in Spain, vol. v, page 256.
9. See Venetians and Crusaders Take Constantinople, page 121.
10. See Latin Empire of the East, page 140.
11. See The Sixth Crusade, page 208.
12. See The Teutonic Knights, page 68.