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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
Boniface VIII closed the memorable festival on Christmas Eve of the year 1300. It forms an epoch in the history of the papacy, as in that of Rome. The year of jubilee and enthusiasm was followed, in terrible contrast, by the tragic end of the Pope, the fall of the papacy from its height, and the decline of Rome to a condition of awful solitude.
CHRONOLOGY OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY
EMBRACING THE PERIOD COVERED IN THIS VOLUME
A.D. 1162-1300
JOHN RUDD, LL.D.
CHRONOLOGY OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY
EMBRACING THE PERIOD COVERED IN THIS VOLUME A.D. 1162-1300
JOHN RUDD, LL.D.
Events treated at length are here indicated in large type; the numerals following give volume and page.
Separate chronologies of the various nations, and of the careers of famous persons, will be found in the INDEX VOLUME, with volume and page references showing where the several events are fully treated.
A.D.
1162. Surrender and destruction of the city of Milan; the whole of Lombardy submits to Frederick.
Thomas Becket, appointed archbishop of Canterbury, resigns the chancellorship. See "ARCHIEPISCOPATE OF THOMAS BECKET," vi, i. Flight of Pope Alexander III into France.
1163. Council of Tours; Alexander declares void all the acts of his opponents; stringent decrees against the heretics of Southern France, called Manicheans, Paulicians, and afterward Albigenses.
1164. Henry II convokes an assembly of barons and prelates; they enact the Constitutions of Clarendon. See "ARCHIEPISCOPATE OF THOMAS BECKET," vi, i.
1165. Pope Alexander returns to Rome.
1166. Emperor Frederick I reenforces his army and again invades Italy.
1167. General league of the Lombard cities formed; Milan rebuilt. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa defeats the Sicilian auxiliaries of Pope Alexander, captures Rome, and seats Antipope Paschal.
1168. Success of the Lombard League; they found a new city, named Alessandria, in honor of the Pope. See "THE PEACE OF CONSTANCE," vi, 28.
Death of Antipope Paschal III; Antipope Callistus III set up.
1169. Richard Strongbow, with other knights, begins the English conquest of Ireland; Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin captured.
1170. Peter Waldo, a citizen of Lyons, founds a preaching society, afterward called Waldenses.
Murder of Thomas Becket. See "ARCHIEPISCOPATE OF THOMAS BECKET," vi, i.
1171. End of the Fatimite dynasty in Egypt; Saladin, acting for Noureddin, becomes supreme head.
Henry II lands with an army at Waterford, Ireland; his own knights and many Irish chiefs do homage to him for their lands.
1173. Henry II appears before the papal legates and receives absolution for Becket's death; his Queen, Eleanor, jealous of Fair Rosamond, incites her sons to rebel against their father; Louis, King of France, supports them, and David of Scotland invades England.
1174. Saladin becomes independent sultan of Egypt.
Henry II does penance at Becket's tomb; he defeats and captures the
King of Scotland, and quells the insurrection of his sons. The Leaning
Tower of Pisa commenced.
1175. English conquest of Ireland completed.
1176. Frederick I is defeated at Legnano by the forces of the Lombard League. See "THE PEACE OF CONSTANCE," vi, 28.
Peter Coleman commences the erection of the first stone bridge across the Thames at London.
1177. Meeting of Emperor Frederick and Pope Alexander; a treaty is concluded between them.
Henry II divides England into six circuits, through which he sends justices twice a year to administer the law in each county.
1178. A fleet is sent by the King of Sicily to assist the Christians in Palestine.
1179. Eleventh general council, Third of the Lateran, declares that the true pope must be elected by two-thirds of the cardinals; one of its canons condemns the Waldenses, and their translation of their Bible is suppressed.
1180. Death of Louis VII; his son Philip Augustus succeeds to the French throne.
Henry the Lion, placed under the ban of the empire, has his Bavarian domains sequestered and his Saxon kingdom partitioned.
About this time the Gothic style of architecture is introduced.
1182. France expels the Jews.
1183. Lombard cities secure their freedom. See "THE PEACE OF CONSTANCE," vi, 28.
Baldwin IV, disabled by leprosy, resigns the crown of Jerusalem to his nephew, Baldwin V.
Saladin takes Damascus, Aleppo, and Mosul, and sets aside the Turkish
Sultan.
1184. Diet of Mainz; the functions and dignities of the electors of Germany settled.
Council of Verona; excommunication of the Roman people and the
Waldenses.
1185. Tumults at Constantinople; Andronicus murdered, which ends the Comneni dynasty; Isaac Angelus made emperor.
Prince Arthur, grandson of Henry II, born after the death of his father, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany.
1186. Marriage of the Emperor's son, Henry, to Constance, heiress of the throne of the Two Sicilies; they are crowned king and queen of Italy at Milan.
Revolt of Bulgaria and Wallachia (Roumania); they throw off the
Byzantine yoke.
1187. Battle of Tiberias. See "SALADIN TAKES JERUSALEM FROM THE CHRISTIANS," vi, 41.
Pope Gregory VIII urges a new crusade. York Minster, England, founded.
1188. Imposition of the "tithe of Saladin," on behalf of the crusaders in England. King Richard says he "would sell London itself" to aid the cause. See "THE THIRD CRUSADE," vi, 54.
Pope Clement III again makes Rome the papal residence.
1189. Massacre of Jews in England.
Sancho, King of Portugal, takes Silvas and Beja.
Tancred, natural son of Roger, is invited by the Sicilians to occupy the throne; he is supported by the Pope against Constance and her husband.
Frederick Barbarossa sets out on the Third Crusade. See "THE THIRD
CRUSADE," vi, 54.
1190. King Richard of England claims the dowry of his sister, Joan, widow of the late King of Sicily.
Emperor Frederick is drowned. See "THE THIRD CRUSADE," vi, 54. A wealthy German, to aid his poor countrymen at Acre, founds the order of Teutonic Knights. See "THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS," vi, 68.
1191. Pope Celestin III allows the Romans to destroy Tusculum; the expelled inhabitants build Frascati.
The city of Bern, Switzerland, built.
1192. The Order of the Garter said to have been originated by Richard I of England at Acre.
After leaving Palestine, Richard is shipwrecked near Aquileia; he is imprisoned and held for ransom by Emperor Henry VI.
1193. Pope Celestin III threatens to excommunicate the princes who hold King Richard in captivity.
John Lackland, brother of Richard, King of England, attempts to usurp the throne; he is resisted by the barons.
Discord and wars among the municipal republics of Italy.
1194. Richard, after having been a captive for more than a year, is released for a ransom of 150,000 marks, raised by his subjects. He returns to England, declares war against Philip Augustus, and invades Normandy. He pardons his brother John.
Emperor Henry VI puts an end to the Norman line in Sicily; he founds the Hohenstaufen dynasty there.
1195. Battle of Alarcos; Alfonso the Noble, King of Castile, defeated by the Moors.
1196. Crusade of German barons to Palestine.
1197. Death of Henry VI of Germany; his heir is an infant son, Frederick II.
1198. Contest for the crowns of Germany and Italy between Philip of Swabia, supported by the Ghibellines, and Otho of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, aided by the Guelfs.