![The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14] - Читать Любимую Русскую Полную Книгу 👉 Read-E-Book.com](/uploads/posts/books/4/1/3/0/the-great-events-by-famous-historians-volumes-1-14-download.jpg)
The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
13. See Mamelukes Usurp Power in Egypt, page 240.
14. See Louis IX Leads the Last Crusade, page 275.
15. See The Sicilian Vespers, page 340.
16. See First Great Jubilee of the Roman Catholic Church, page 378.
17. See Rise of the Hanseatic League, page 214.
18. See Founding of the House of Hapsburg, page 298.
19. See Founding of the Mongol Empire, page 103.
20. See Russia Conquered by the Tartar Hordes, page 196.
21. See Height of the Mongol Power in China, page 287.
22. See Japanese Repel the Tartars, page 327.
23. See The Golden Bull, "Hungary's Magna Charta," page 191.
24. See The "Mad Parliament," page 246.
25. See Edward I Conquers Wales, page 316.
26. See Exploits and Death of William Wallace, page 369.
27. See Expulsion of Jews from England, page 356.
28. A tax originally levied by Ethelred II to maintain forces against the Danes.
29. He had killed the father of a young lady whom he had betrayed.
30. The King knew not how to behave to the murderers. To punish them for that which they had understood he wished them to do, appeared ungenerous; to spare them was to confirm the general suspicion that he had ordered the murder. He left them therefore to the judgment of the spiritual courts. In consequence they travelled to Rome, and were enjoined by Alexander to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where some, if not all, of them died.
31. Guy—Guido of Lusignan—was King of Jerusalem, the kingdom founded by the crusaders in 1099. When Saladin took the city, in 1187, he imprisoned Guy.
32. The house of Comnenus, rulers of the Byzantine empire.
33. Mother of John, grandmother of Arthur, and heiress of Aquitaine.
34. According to R. Coggeshall, Philip virtually declared himself
still ignorant on the point six months later.
35. These were the alternative versions proposed by John's friends,
according to M. Paris.
36. Johannem Mollegladium. This nickname is no doubt a translation of one which must have been applied to John in French, though unluckily its vernacular form is lost. It has been suggested that "if the phrase had any English equivalent, it would probably be something embracing a more direct metaphor than 'Softsword'—something like 'Tinsword,' or, better still, if the thirteenth century knew of putty, 'John Puttysword.'"
37. In 1199, by acknowledging Arthur as their liege lord and Richard's lawful heir.
38. I.e., "May the band that binds the felts and spars of the yurt never decay"; in other words, may he ever be prosperous—a favorite Mongol wish.
39. Transports.
40. The Petrion, which is repeatedly mentioned by contemporary writers, was a district built on the slope of a hill running parallel to the Golden Horn for about one-third of the length of the harbor walls eastward from Blachern. It had apparently been a neglected spot during the early centuries of the history of Constantinople, but had lately come to be the residence of numerous hermits, and the site of several monasteries and convents. A great part is now occupied by the Jewish colony of Galata.
41. Nicetas' Chronicate, Greek authority on the Latin conquest.
42. Engines for throwing stones and other missiles.
43. Alexius V, Byzantine Emperor.
44. The remarkable church of this monastery still exists as a mosque, and is known as Eski imaret Mahallasse. It still bears witness to its having been arranged for both monks and nuns. It is on the Fourth Hill, just above the Phanar.
45. Alexius V, his Greek name.
46. It was the quarter about the gate in the harbor walls, now known as Zindan Capou, near the dried-fruit market.
47. Another name of Constantinople.
48. The Great Church, dedicated to the "Divine Wisdom"; the Santa Sophia, built by Justinian.
49. This office still exists. The principal duty of the person who holds it is to recite the creed in great religious services when the patriarch officiates.
50. Romania was the usual name for the Byzantine or Eastern empire.
51. Innocent III.
52. By a similar manoeuvre did the Spaniards rob King René two hundred years later of the city of Naples.
53. Peter's Patrimony was an administrative division of the Papal
States, situated in Central Italy northwest of the Roman
Campagna.—ED.
54. Apulia, a former duchy, was now a part of the Two Sicilies.
55. Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, also ruler of a large part of
Northern Italy, died about 1115, bequeathing her possessions to
the papacy, which she had supported in its struggle with the
Empire. The execution of her will had been prevented by the
Imperial power.
56. This seems a very strong proof that the house of commons was not then in being; otherwise the knights and burgesses from the several counties could have given in to the lords a list of grievances, without so unusual an election.
57. Novgorod was for centuries the chief commercial city of Russia. It was an independent republic, holding sway over extensive territories around the Baltic Sea.
58. Suzdal was at this time the principal state of Central Russia, with a capital of the same name.
59. Translated by Joseph Sohn.
60. Thus was gradually introduced what has since been considered the constitutional method of opposing the measures of the Crown, the refusal of the supplies for the current year. Henry's predecessors were too rich to depend on the aid of their vassals: to resist their will with any hope of success it was necessary to have recourse to the sword. But his poverty compelled him annually to solicit relief, and to purchase it by concessions to his parliament.
61. The Earl of Gloucester also massacred the Jews in Canterbury; and the Earl of Derby destroyed their houses at Worcester and compelled them to receive baptism. As a justification, it was pretended that they were attached to the King, had Greek fire in their possession, kept false keys to the gates, and had made subterraneous passages from their houses leading under the walls.
62. Grandfather of King Robert Bruce, of Scotland.
63. The military tenants were ordered under the penalty of felony to bring into the field not only the force specified by their tenures, but all the horsemen and infantry in their power: every township was compelled to send eight, six, or four footmen well armed with lances, bows and arrows, swords, crossbows, and hatchets, who should serve forty days at the expense of the township; and the cities and burghs received orders to furnish as many horsemen and footmen as the sheriff might appoint. No excuse was to be allowed on account of the shortness of the time, the approach of the harvest, or any other private inconvenience.
64. It is amusing to compare the opposite writers of this period. Wikes and the letter-writer in Westminster are royalists, and severely censure the ambition and treason of Leicester, but, in the estimation of the chroniclers of Dunstable and of Waverly, he lived a saint and died a martyr.
65. By these we are to understand Northern and Southern China, separated by the great Hoang-ho on the eastern, and by the southern limits of Shen-si on the western side.
66. This conduct toward the professors of the several systems of faith is perfectly consistent with the character of Kublai, in which policy was the leading feature. It was his object to keep in good humor all classes of his subjects, and especially those of the capital or about the court, by indulging them in the liberty of following unmolested their own religious tenets, and by flattering each with the idea of possessing his special protection. Many of the highest offices, both civil and military, were held by Mahometans.