Esperanto and Its Rivals: The Struggle for an International Language
- Автор: Garvía Roberto
- Год: 2015
- Язык: русский
- Жанр: Культурология
Электронная книга - «Esperanto and Its Rivals: The Struggle for an International Language». Краткое содержание книги:
See Le libre penseur de France (June 1921): 2.
Malachi H. Hacohen, KarlPopper: The Formative Years, 1902-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 66.
After World War I, the French teacher Marcel Boubou, also active in the labor Esperanto movement (and later killed in Auschwitz), launched Novaj Tempoj (1921- 1926) with the aim of refounding the old association. This was accomplished in 1924 with the creation of the Tutmonda Asocio de Geinstruistoj Esperantistaj (TAGE, the Universal association of male and female Esperantist teachers). In 1930, TAGE's Inter- nacia Pedagogia Revuo had 300 subscribers. But since TAGE's headquarters were in Germany and a sizeable number of its members were German and Austrian, the orga- nization practically perished with the Nazis' rise to power. See Kokeny et al, Encik- lopedio, 243-45.
Detlev Blanke, "Esperanto und Atheismus," Humanismus Aktuell 19 (2006): 73-92.
Francisco Ferrer, La escuela moderna (Barcelona: Jŭcar, 1976 [1908]), 36.
Xavier Margais, El moviment esperantista a Mallorca, 1898-1938 (Palma: Edi- cions Documenta Balear, 2002), 25.
Etienne Cabet, Voyage en Icarie (Paris, 1845), 369.
Qtd. in Kokeny et al, Enciklopedio, 488
Platiel (pseud.), Historio pri la skismo en la laborista esperanto-movado (Beau- ville: SAT, 1994 [1934]), 2.
Ibid., 3.
See Eric Borsboom, Vivo de Lanti (Paris: SAT, 1976), 51-55. The anarchist- Esperantist international had its stronghold in Spain, where the old tension between anarchist and anti-Stalinist communists on the one side and pro-Moscow Esperan- tists on other reached its peak during the civil war (1936-1939). See Marco, Labor- istaj, 58-87.
J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self- Destruction of the Bolshevists, 1932-1939 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002), 481.
For the history of the labor Esperanto movement, see Jean-Fran^ois Fayet, "Eine internationale Sprache fur die Weltrevolution? Die Komintern und die Esperanto-Frage," Jahrbuch ftir Historische Kommunismusforschung (2008): 9-23; Lins, Die gefarhliche, 165-85; Sergej N. Kuznekov, "Drezen, lia verko, lia epoko," in Ernest Drezen, Historio de la mondolingvo, ed. Sergej N. Kuznecov (Moscow: Progreso, 1991); Sennacieca Aso- cio Tutmonda, Historio de S.A.T, 1921-1952 (Paris: SAT, 1953); Borsboom, Vivo deLanti; and Forster, The Esperanto Movement, 188-211.
See Patten, "The Most Natural State."
Velimir Piŝkorec, "Von Volapuk zu Spelin. Zum Leben und Werk des kroatischen Plansprachlers Juraj (Georg) Bauer (1848-1900)," in Die Rolle von Personlichkeiten in der Geschichte der Planspranchen, ed. Sabine Fiedler (Berlin: Gesellschaft fur Interlin- guistik e.V., 2010), 104.
Arnold Behrendt, "Ist Esperanto Deutschfeindlich?" Rund um die Welt 2 (1913): 32.
Bohema Revuo Esperantista (1909): 36.
Ivo Lapenna, Ulrich Lins, and Tazio Carlevaro, eds., Esperanto en perspektivo. Faktoj kaj analizojpri la Internacia Lingvo (London: UEA, 1974), 467.
Sikosek, Die neutrale Sprache, 128.
Francesc Poblet, Els inicis del moviment esperantista a Catalunya (Barcelona: Associacio Catalana d'Esperanto, 2004), 26.
Qtd. in Joaquim Gelaberto and Joan C. Gelaberto, "Frederic Pujula i Valles, escriptior i politic palamosi," Revista de Girona (November-December 2007): 55.
Lins, Die gefahrliche, 101.
Ibid., 100-111.
Chapter 16
L'Esperantiste (August-September 1900): 103-8; Clara S. Roero, "I matematici e la lingua internazionale," La matematica nella Societa e nella Cultura. Bolletino della Unione Matematica Italiana 8 (1999): 159-82.
The proceedings of the Congres de philosophie were published in Revue de me- taphysique et de morale (1900): 503-698; for the discussion about an international lan- guage, see 666-70.
Russell's response to Couturat is in Bertrand Russell, Correspondance sur la phi- losophie, la logique et la politique avec Louis Couturat (1897-1913), ed. Anne-Fran^oise Schmid (Paris: Editions Kime, 2001), 209-11. For Russell it would have been difficult to ignore Couturat's petition for help, since the latter was planning to write a book that would popularize Russell's philosophy in France.
Forster, The Esperanto, 116.
For a biography of Peano, see Hubert C. Kennedy, Peano: Life and Works of Giuseppe Peano (Boston: Kluwer, 1980).
Boris Kotzin, Geschichte und Theorie des Ido (Dresden: Ader und Borel, 1916), 6.
See Forster, The Esperanto, 117 and 122; and Wilhelm Ostwald, Lebenslinien. Eine Selbstbiographie, ed. Karl Hansel (Leipzig: Sachsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003 [1927-1927]): 451-52.
Otto Jespersen, An International Language (London: Allen and Unwin, 1928), 43; Forster, The Esperanto, 142n42.
Letter to Ostwald of November 4, 1907, in Ludovikito (pseud. Ito Kanzi), Por kaj kontraŭ reformoj! (Tokio: Eldonejo Ludovikito 1980), 122-27.
Ibid., 131-35, 148-50, and 161-81.
Ibid., 165.
Qtd. in Forster, The Esperanto, 126; Boirac's emphasis.
Korĵenkov, Homarano, 249; Edmond Privat, Historio de la lingvo Esperanto (The Hague: Internacia Esperanto Instituto, 1982), 62.
Otto Jespersen, A Linguist's Life, trans. and ed. Arne Juul, Hans F. Nielsen, and J0rgen Erik Nielsen (Odense: Odense University Press, 1995), 153.
See ibid., 153-54. On the collaborative authorship of Ido, see Korĵenkov, Homa- rano, 234.
Progreso (March 1908): 3.
Richard Lorenz, "The 'Delegation pour l'adoption d'una langue auxiliaire in- ternational,' " in International Language and Science, ed. Louis Couturat (London: Con- stable and Cia, 1910), 19-20.
Progreso (October 1908): 425-31, and (December 1908): 581-87.
Progreso (April 1909): 99, and (September 1909): 415.
The 1914 reprint is available at http://interlanguages.net (accessed December 30, 2010).
See the letter of Ostwald to Jespersen of February 2, 1908, in Fritz Wollenberg, "Der Briefwechsel Wilhelm Ostwalds zu Interlinguistischen Problemen," in Eine Sprache ftir die Wissenschaft. Beitrage und Materialien des Interlinguistik-Kolloquiumsftir Wil- helm Ostwald, ed. Ulrich Becker and Fritz Wollenberg (Berlin: Gesellschaft fur Inter- linguistik e.V., 1998), 61.
Ostwald, Lebenslinien, 452-53.
Progreso (March 1909): 35; Joachim Mugdan, Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845- 1929). Leben und Werk (Munchen: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1984), 116.
Jespersen, A Linguist's Life, 156.
International Language (March 1911): 67-69; Progreso (September 1911): 380-81, and (January 1912): 676-77.
Progreso (February 1910): 748-49 and 767.
For Peano's and Couturat's ideas about the application of symbolic logic on the construction of an artificial language, see Ubaldo Sanzo, L'artificio della lingua. Louis Couturat 1868-1914 (Milan: Franco Angeli, 1991), 104-8.
Academia pro Interlingua, Historia de academia (Cuneo: Unione tipografica editrice provincial, 1923), 1-3; Carlevaro, "Mondlingvaj akademioj," 384-85; Kennedy, Peano, 125-43.