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The Historians' History of the World 07 [The History of the Later Roman Empire]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Historians' History of the World 07 [The History of the Later Roman Empire]». Краткое содержание книги:
531 Conquest of the Thuringians.
532 Conquest of the kingdom of Burgundy.
534 Death of Theodoric. Theudebert succeeds at Metz.
548 Theudebald succeeds Theudebert at Metz.
555 Clotaire takes possession of Theudebald’s kingdom.
558 On death of Childebert, Clotaire becomes sole ruler of the reunited kingdom. First application of the Salic law.
561 Death of Clotaire. The kingdom again divided.
(1) Charibert rules at Paris.
(2) Gontram at Orleans.
(3) Sigebert at Metz.
(4) Chilperic at Soissons.
567 Death of Charibert. Chilperic of Soissons seizes Charibert’s kingdom. The three Frankish kingdoms now take definite form. They are known as (1) Austrasia, capital Rheims. (2) Burgundy, capital Orleans. (3) Neustria, capital Soissons. The family division leads to terrible feuds, in which Austrasia and Neustria take the principal parts. Burgundy is weak and sides first with one and then the other. The office of mayor of the palace rises to importance. The Benedictines come from Italy and help to keep culture alive.
575 Sigebert of Austrasia, at war with Chilperic, is killed by assassins hired by Chilperic’s wife Fredegund. His son Childebert II succeeds.
584 Assassination of Chilperic of Neustria (called the “Nero and Herod of his time”) probably at instigation of Fredegund. His infant son Clotaire II succeeds under regency of Fredegund who has had Chilperic’s sons by a former wife put to death.
593 Death of Gontram of Burgundy. By his will the kingdom passes to his nephew Childebert II of Austrasia.
596 Death of Childebert II. His young sons Theodoric or Thierry II and Theudebert II take the crowns of Burgundy and Austrasia respectively under regency of their grandmother Brunehild. A terrible feud between Fredegund and Brunehild begins.
598 On Fredegund’s death, Brunehild seizes almost the whole of Neustria. She aims to make the power of Austrasia secure against the nobles, who, with Arnulf bishop of Metz, and Pepin of Landen (ancestor of the Carlovingians), wages war with her.
613 In battle with the nobles and Clotaire II, Brunehild’s army deserts her. She is captured and put to death by torture, also Theudebert’s sons and Sigebert II, successor of Theodoric II. Clotaire II becomes sole king of the Franks, but the real power has now passed to the mayors of the palace, to which title the race of the Pepins have acquired an hereditary claim in Austrasia. The rest of the Merovingians are known as “les rois fainéants.”
628 On death of Clotaire his son Dagobert I succeeds. The Merovingian power is now at its height.
638 Death of Dagobert, who divides the kingdom between his two young sons.
(1) Clovis II receives Burgundy and Neustria.
(2) Sigebert III receives Austrasia.
654 Death of Sigebert. His son Dagobert is sent to Ireland and reported dead. Clovis rules the whole Frankish kingdom.
656 Death of Clovis. His son Clotaire III receives Neustria and Burgundy, and another son, Childeric II, receives Austrasia.
670 Death of Clotaire, without issue. Childeric annexes his possessions.
673 Assassination of Childeric, his wife and son. His brother Theodoric, or Thierry III, succeeds.
674 Dagobert II returns from Ireland and seizes the kingdom of Austrasia.
679 Assassination of Dagobert. The struggle for the supremacy between Neustria and Austrasia is now entirely between Ebroin, mayor of the palace of Neustria, and Martin and Pepin of Heristal of Austrasia. The kings have lost all vestige of ruling power.
681 Assassination of Ebroin succeeded by Berthar, who is too weak to resist Pepin of Heristal.
687 Victory of Pepin of Heristal over Berthar at Textri. End of the struggle between the two Frankish powers. Pepin of Heristal real monarch of the Franks. He assumes title of dux and princeps Francorum.
691 Death of Thierry III. His young son Clovis III succeeds as nominal king.
695 Death of Clovis. His brother Childebert (III) the Just becomes nominal king.
711 Dagobert III succeeds his father as nominal king.
714 Death of Pepin of Heristal. He leaves the kingdom to his grandson under guardianship of Plectrudis his widow. Plectrudis imprisons Pepin’s natural son Charles. A state of confusion at once arises. Neustria shakes off the yoke and Austrasia is assailed on all sides. The Austrasians release Charles Martel from prison and make him the ruler of the Franks.
715 Death of Dagobert. Chilperic II, son of Childeric II, succeeds.
717 Charles defeats the Neustrians at Vincy, and drives back the invading Saxons from the Rhine. Chilperic is deposed by Charles, and Clotaire IV, of obscure origin, is made king.
720 Death of Clotaire, and recall of Chilperic who dies shortly after. Charles now invests Theodoric or Thierry IV, a son of Dagobert III, with the title of royalty.
732 Battle of Tours (or Poitiers). Charles goes to the aid of Duke Eudes of Aquitania, who has been invaded by the Saracens, and drives them back to Spain.
737 On death of Thierry IV, Charles makes no attempt to appoint a new king. He continues warfare upon his foes.
741 Death of Charles Martel, leaving the power to his two sons Pepin le Bref and Carloman.
742 Childeric (III) the Stupid, son of Chilperic II, is allowed to assume the name and form of royalty. War with the Alamanni and other hostile peoples continued.
747 Carloman renounces his principality, the Germanic part of the kingdom (Austrasia, Swabia, and Thuringia), and becomes a Benedictine monk. Pepin le Bref sole ruler.
751 Deposition of Childeric who is placed in a monastery. Pepin is raised to title of king and confirmed by the pope. THE CARLOVINGIAN KINGS (751-800 A.D.)
751 Pepin king of the Franks. He conducts a successful campaign against the Saxons. Campaign against Aistulf of Lombardy.
755 Pepin proceeds a second time against Aistulf, who violates peace, and compels him to relinquish Ravenna, Emilia, the Pentapolis, and the duchy of Rome to the pope. This “Donation of Pepin” is the foundation of the pope’s temporal power.
758 Capture of Narbonne, the Saracen capital. The Mohammedans driven out. Pepin overruns Aquitania.
768 Death of Pepin, leaving the kingdom to his two sons Charlemagne and Carloman.
771 Death of Carloman. Charlemagne proclaimed sole ruler. He suppresses a rising in Aquitania, and makes his son Louis king.
772 Beginning of conquest and conversion of the Saxons—a thirty years’ struggle. Storming of Ehresburg. Overthrow of the idol, Irmincul, which compels the Westphalian Saxons to submit.
774 Charlemagne, who has been summoned to Italy by Pope Adrian I, whom Desiderius the Lombard king is attacking, captures Desiderius at Pavia and assumes the crown of Lombardy. The Saxons expel the Frankish garrisons and renew their ravages.
776 Charlemagne makes his son Pepin king of Italy.
777 The Saxons are apparently subdued after two campaigns. At Paderborn Charlemagne receives their homage. Large numbers of them are baptised. Charles visits Spain to receive homage.
778 On the return from Spain the rear guard under command of Roland is attacked at Roncesvalles and Roland slain. The Saxons, aided by the Danes, break out in revolt.
779 Charlemagne again subdues the Saxons, but as soon as he leaves the country they rebel.
782 Great massacre of the Saxons at Verdun.
785 The Saxons again quieted. Conversion of Wittikind, the leader, and his followers. Germany becomes Christian.