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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
Attempt to poison Wamba; he resigns his crown and retires into a monastery; Ervigius succeeds him as king of the Visigoths.
683. For twelve months the papacy is vacant after the death of Leo II.
684. Constantine sends to Rome locks of the hair of his two sons, in token of their adoption by the Church.
Egfrid sends Beort with an army into Ireland and lays waste the country.
685. Justinian II becomes emperor of the East on the death of Constantine IV.
The Picts defeat the Angles of Northumbria under King Ecgfrith, at Nactansmere.
687. Battle of Testri; the victory of Pépin of Héristal gives him the sway over the whole Frankish empire.
688. Cædwalla resigns the crown of Wessex to Ina and goes to Rome; he dies there one year later.
690. On the death of Theodore, Berthwald becomes the first archbishop of Canterbury.
Two Anglo-Saxon bishops, Kilian and Wilbrord, preach in Germany. Pépin allows Clovis III to succeed Thierry III as nominal ruler of Neustria.
691. Council of Constantinople, called "Quinisextum in Trullo"; not acknowledged by the Western Church.
692. The Mahometans defeat the army collected by Justinian at Sebastopolis.
Armenia is conquered by the Mahometans.
694. Justinian's two ministers provoke his subjects by their oppressions; Leontius imprisoned.
695. Leontius, released from prison, is proclaimed emperor of the East; Justinian, with his nose cut off, is banished.
696. Pépin favors the preaching of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries among the Franks and Frisians; he appoints Wilbrord, under the name of Clemens, bishop of Utrecht.
697. Election of the first doge, with a council of tribunes and judges, in Venice. See EVOLUTION OF THE DOGESHIP IN VENICE, iv, 292.
698. Hasan, at the head of the Saracens, storms and destroys Carthage.
699. At Mount Atlas the Berbers, or wild shepherds, successfully resist the advance of the Mahometans.
705. An army of Bulgarians, under Terbelis, restores Justinian to his throne; he inflicts bloody vengeance for his expulsion.
Accession of Caliph Welid.
706. Pope John VII refuses to accept, or even revise, the acts of the Council of Constantinople, A.D. 691, which Justinian requires him to adopt.
707. The Mahometans, under Musa, overcome the Berbers and are masters of all Northern Africa; they establish themselves in the valley of the Indus and conquer Karisme, Bokhara, and Samarkand, whence they introduce the manufacture of paper.
708. Justinian, unmindful of his obligations to Terbelis, attacks the Bulgarians, but is defeated.
709. Roderic ascends the Gothic throne in Spain.
Theodorus, by order of the Emperor Justinian, plunders Ravenna and sends the principal inhabitants to Constantinople, where they are cruelly murdered.
711. Tarik, with a large force of Arab-Moors, lands in Spain. See SARACENS IN SPAIN, iv, 301.
Justinian's continued cruelties provoke a revolt at Ravenna; he sends a fleet and army to destroy Cherson and massacre its inhabitants. The citizens of Cherson proclaim Bardanes emperor, under the name of Philippicus; his cause is espoused by both the fleet and army, which conduct him to Constantinople, where he is acknowledged, and Justinian is put to death.
713. Musa, at the head of the Saracens, crosses the Pyrenees.
715. Charles Martel gains the ascendency in Austrasia; he contends against Chilperic II, the successor of Dagobert in Neustria.
717. Leo the Isaurian ascends the throne of the Eastern Empire. Constantinople is again besieged by the Moslems.
The Saracens suffer a disastrous defeat at the Cave of Covadonga, Spain.
718. Charles Martel is victorious at Soissons; both Frankish kingdoms acknowledge him.
719. Narbonne is captured and occupied by the Saracens under Zana.
721. Zana defeated and slain at the battle of Toulouse. Egbert, Abbot of Iona, translates the four gospels into Anglo-Saxon.
726. Iconoclastic edicts by Leo the Isaurian, against the worship of images, causes tumult and insurrection in Constantinople.
730. Image worship prohibited throughout the Eastern Empire.
731. Last confirmation of a papal election by the Eastern Emperor, the occasion being the election of Gregory III.
732. Battle of Tours, when Charles Martel utterly routs the Saracens and saves the empire of the Franks. See BATTLE OF TOURS, iv, 313.
Pope Gregory III calls a council at Rome; an edict is issued against the iconoclasts.
733. Emperor Leo marries his son Constantine to a Tartar or Turkish princess, who at her baptism takes the name of Irene.
740. The Saracens are expelled from the greater part of France by Charles Martel and his ally, Lieutprand.
Death of Leo the Isaurian; accession of Constantine V as emperor of the East.
742. Birth of Charlemagne.
744. Carloman defeats the Saxons; they are forced into baptism.
746. King Carloman relinquishes the throne of the Franks, and retires into a monastery. See FOUNDING OF THE CARLOVINGIAN DYNASTY, iv, 324.
747. Great plague in Constantinople.
748. Venetian merchants having purchased slaves to be sold in Africa to the Saracens, Pope Zachary forbids the traffic.
Virgilius, a priest, convicted of heresy for believing in the existence of the antipodes.
750. End of the Ommiad and rise of the Abbasside dynasty of caliphs; all the family of the former, except Abderrahman, put to death.
751. Pépin the Short founds the Carlovingian dynasty of the Franks. See FOUNDING OF THE CARLOVINGIAN DYNASTY, iv, 324.
752. Extinction of the exarchate of Ravenna by the Lombards under Astolphus.
753. Pope Stephen II journeys to France.
754. Pépin the Short is crowned by Stephen II. See FOUNDING OF THE CARLOVINGIAN DYNASTY, iv, 324.
755. Pépin the Short defeats Astolphus, King of the Lombards, and invests Pope Stephen II with Ravenna, and other places taken from the Lombards. The Papal States founded.
St. Boniface is martyred in Germany.
756. Abderrahman founds the kingdom of the Ommiads at Cordova.
757. Emperor Constantine courts the favor of Pépin; among other presents he sends him the first organ known in France.
759. Pépin conquers Narbonne and expels the last Saracens from France.
762.[84] Founding of Bagdad, the capital of the eastern caliphs.
767. Death of Pope Paul I; usurpation of Constantine, antipope.
768. Pépin dies and is succeeded by his sons Charles (Charlemagne) and Carloman. See CAREER OF CHARLEMAGNE, iv, 334.
769. Council of Rome annuls all acts of the deposed pope Constantine; he, although blinded by the populace, is led into the assembly, insulted, and beaten. Laymen are declared incapable of being made bishops.
771. Death of Carloman; Charlemagne becomes sole king of the Franks. See CAREER OF CHARLEMAGNE, iv, 334.
772. Charlemagne begins his long war against the Saxons.
774. Charlemagne visits Rome; he captures Pavia after a siege of eight months; and also puts an end to the kingdom of Lombardy. The papal temporalities are increased by Charlemagne. Forgery of the "Donation of Constantine" used as a plea to urge Charlemagne still more to aggrandize the see of Rome.
778. Spain is invaded by Charlemagne; on his return to repel the Saxons his rear-guard is surprised; there ensues the "Dolorous Rout" of Roncesvalles. See CAREER OF CHARLEMAGNE, iv, 334.
780. The government of the Eastern Empire is assumed by Irene in the name of her son, Constantine VI.
781. Charlemagne visits Rome; his two sons are crowned by the Pope—one king of Italy, the other of Aquitaine.
785. Irene proposes a general council to establish the worship of images.
Fierce struggle of the Saxons against Charlemagne; Wittikind and Alboin submit and profess Christianity.
786. On the death of Al Hadi, the famous Harun-al-Rashid succeeds to the eastern caliphate.
787. Second Council of Nice—- the seventh general council of the Church; it decrees the worship of images.
788. Bavaria is brought completely under the sway of Charlemagne.