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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
430. Bonifacius unsuccessfully opposes the Vandals in Africa; they besiege Hippo Regius. St. Augustine dies there in the third month of the siege.
431. Hippo Regius falls.
Third general council of the Church, held at Ephesus; one of the most turbulent in history.
432. Bonifacius, although victorious, perishes in the conflict with his rival Aetius.
433. Attila, King of the Huns, begins his reign.[75] St. Patrick preaches in Ireland.
435. Nestorius exiled to the Libyan desert.
439. The Vandals, under Genseric, take Carthage.
440. Leo the Great elected pope.
441. Attila and his Huns pass the Danube; they invade Illyricum. See HUNS INVADE THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE, iv, 28.
442. Valentinian by a treaty of peace cedes Africa to Genseric. A comet is visible.
444. Attila murders his brother, Bleda, and rules alone over the Huns.
446. Britons in vain apply to Aetius for aid against the Picts and Scots.
Thermopylæ passed by the Huns; the Eastern Emperor makes humiliating terms of peace with Attila. See HUNS INVADE THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE, iv, 28.
Pope Leo assumes a tone of high authority, and asserts the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff over all other bishops.
449. Landing of the Jutes under Hengist and Horsa in Britain, called there to repel the Picts and Scots. See THE ENGLISH CONQUEST OF BRITAIN, iv, 55.
The "Robber Synod" meets at Ephesus. It reinstates Eutyches in the office of priest and archimandrite, from which he had been expelled, and exposes Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople, who is so roughly attacked that he dies soon afterward of his injuries.
A synod at Rome reverses the acts at Ephesus.
450. Death of Theodosius II; by a nominal marriage his sister Pulcheria raises Marcian to the throne.
Attila demands the princess Honoria in marriage.
451. Gaul invaded by Attila; battle of Châlons. See ATTILA INVADES WESTERN EUROPE, iv, 72.
Fourth general council of the Church, held at Chalcedon; the acts of the "Robber Synod" are annulled.
452. Attila, after withdrawing from Gaul, ravages Italy; he besieges and destroys Aquileia; its inhabitants flee to the marshes; Rome is saved by its Bishop, Leo the Great. Venice is founded. See FOUNDATION OF VENICE, iv, 95.
453. Death of Attila; dissolution of his empire. Death of the empress Pulcheria.
454. Hengist founds the kingdom of Kent.
455. Maximus murders Valentinian III and usurps the throne of the Western Empire; at the end of three months Maximus is killed by the people.
The Vandals pillage Rome. Avitus is proclaimed emperor of the West.
456. Ricimer, commander of the Barbarian mercenaries in the West, destroys a Vandal fleet near Corsica; he declares against Avitus, who abdicates.
457. Majorian placed on the throne of the West by Ricimer and the senate.
Leo I ascends the throne in the East.
460. Genseric destroys Majorian's fleet at Carthagena. Peace is made between them.
461. Majorian is assassinated by Ricimer, who places his puppet Severus on the throne, exercising the Imperial power himself.
465. Death of Severus; Ricimer still wields the supreme power in Rome.
467. Anthemius made emperor of the West.
The Vandals ravage the coasts of Italy and Sicily.
468. Leo I, Emperor of the East, aided by the Western Empire, makes an earnest but ineffectual effort against the Vandals under Genseric.
472. Ricimer besieges and storms Rome; death of Ricimer and of Anthemius; Olybrius and Glycerius are emperors successively.
473. Invasion of Italy by the Ostrogoths diverted to Gaul. Glycerius emperor of the West.
474. Julius Nepos becomes emperor of the West. Zeno rules the Eastern Empire.
475. Romulus Augustulus emperor of the West. Zeno and his wife flee to Isauria.
476. Odoacer, a leader of German mercenaries, dethrones Augustulus and puts an end to the Western Empire for three centuries. The title of king of Italy assumed by Odoacer.
486. Clovis founds the kingdom of the Franks. He defeats Syagrius at Soissons, and thus puts an end to Roman dominion in Gaul. See CLOVIS FOUNDS THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS, iv, 113.
488. The Eastern Emperor commissions Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, to invade Italy.
489. Theodoric defeats Odoacer at Verona.
490. Odoacer is again defeated; he retires to Ravenna.
491. Anastasius becomes emperor of the East by marrying the widow of Zeno, who had recently died.
The South Saxons capture Anderida.
492. Anastasius grants liberty of conscience and remits oppressive taxes.
493. Theodoric besieges Odoacer in Ravenna; he is captured and murdered; Theodoric becomes king of the whole of Italy.
494. An earthquake overthrows the cities of Laodicea, Hierapolis, and Tripolis.
Pope Gelasius makes the distinction between the canonical and apocryphal books of the Scriptures. He asserts his divine right, as Bishop of Rome, to universal supremacy.
495.[76] Cerdic and his band of Saxons, who sail in five ships, land in Britain.
496. Clovis vanquishes the Alemanni; he is baptized. See CLOVIS FOUNDS THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS, iv, 113.
497. The Arabs (Saracens) invade Syria; they are repulsed by Eugenius.
Many Athanasian bishops are banished from Africa to Sardinia.
498. Publication of the Babylonian Talmud or Gemaras.
Violent contest between Symmachus and Laurentius for the episcopal throne at Rome, decided by Theodoric in favor of the former.
500. Clovis, King of the Franks, defeats the Burgundians near Dijon.
502. Syria and Palestine ravaged by the Saracens. The Bulgarians again devastate Thrace.
504. Expulsion by the Franks of the Alemanni from the Middle Rhine. Theodoric defeats the Bulgarians and retakes Sirmium, which they had captured.
505. Peace is declared between the Eastern Empire and Persia, ending desultory conflicts that had continued some years.
507. Clovis overthrows the Visigoths near Poitiers; he becomes master of nearly the whole of Aquitania. See CLOVIS FOUNDS THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS, iv, 113.
Amalarich, Alaric's infant son, and Giselich, his natural son, are proclaimed joint kings of the Visigoths by Theodoric; he preserves for them all Spain and a part of Gaul.
508. Natanleod, a British prince, is defeated and slain, in a desperate battle, by Cerdic the Saxon.
510. Clovis adds the territory of certain minor Frank princes to his own territory; he makes Paris his capital. See CLOVIS FOUNDS THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS, iv, 113.
511. Death of Clovis; the Frankish kingdom is divided equally among his four sons: Theodoric I (Thierry), Metz; Clodomir, Orleans; Childebert I, Paris; and Clotair, Soissons.
Monophysite riot at Constantinople, caused by the controversy respecting the nature of Christ.
512. Second Monophysite riot at Constantinople.
515. A body of Huns breaks through the Caspian gates and invades Cappadocia.
Publication of St. Benedict's monastic rule.
518. Death of Anastasius, the Eastern Emperor, and accession of Justin I.
519. Cerdic gives the name of Wessex to that part of Britain conquered by him; he assumes the title of king; Cynric is his coadjutor.
523. Sigismund, the Burgundian King, assumes the monastic habit, but is betrayed into the hands of the Franks, who throw him, with his wife and children, into a well at Orleans. His brother, Gondemar, is elected king.
525. Theodoric, King of Italy, orders the execution of Boethius and Symmachus.
526. Death of Theodoric and accession of Athalaric.
Great earthquake at Antioch, which destroys the city; 250,000 persons perish.
The Eastern Empire begins war with Persia.
527. Justinian proclaimed joint augustus, soon after which, by the death of Justin, he becomes sole emperor.
Use of the Christian era introduced by Dionysius Exiguus.
528. Thuringia conquered by the Franks.
529. Julian, leader of a Jewish and Samaritan revolt, is made prisoner and beheaded.
Justinian issues edicts against philosophers, heretics, and pagans. See PUBLICATION OF THE JUSTINIAN CODE, iv, 138. Closing of the schools at Athens.