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An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook's Battle for Domination [calibre 4.99.5]

Электронная книга - «An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook's Battle for Domination [calibre 4.99.5]». Краткое содержание книги:

**“The ultimate takedown.” –** ***New York Times Book Review***
**Award-winning *New York Times* reporters Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang unveil the tech story of our times in a riveting, behind-the-scenes exposé that offers the definitive account of Facebook’s fall from grace**.
Once one of Silicon Valley’s greatest success stories, Facebook has been under constant fire for the past five years, roiled by controversies and crises. It turns out that while the tech giant was connecting the world, they were also mishandling users’ data, spreading fake news, and amplifying dangerous, polarizing hate speech.
The company, many said, had simply lost its way. But the truth is far more complex. Leadership decisions enabled, and then attempted to deflect attention from, the crises. Time after time, Facebook’s engineers were instructed to create tools that encouraged people to spend as much time on the platform as possible, even as those same tools boosted inflammatory rhetoric, conspiracy theories, and partisan filter bubbles. And while consumers and lawmakers focused their outrage on privacy breaches and misinformation, Facebook solidified its role as the world’s most voracious data-mining machine, posting record profits, and shoring up its dominance via aggressive lobbying efforts.
Drawing on their unrivaled sources, Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang take readers inside the complex court politics, alliances and rivalries within the company to shine a light on the fatal cracks in the architecture of the tech behemoth. Their explosive, exclusive reporting led them to a shocking conclusion: The missteps of the last five years were not an anomaly but an inevitability—this is how Facebook was built to perform. In a period of great upheaval, growth has remained the one constant under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg. Both have been held up as archetypes of uniquely 21st century executives—he the tech “boy genius” turned billionaire, she the ultimate woman in business, an inspiration to millions through her books and speeches. But sealed off in tight circles of advisers and hobbled by their own ambition and hubris, each has stood by as their technology is coopted by hate-mongers, criminals and corrupt political regimes across the globe, with devastating consequences. In *An Ugly Truth* , they are at last held accountable.
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They decided that the company would come clean with everything it knew the day before the quarterly board meeting scheduled for September 7. Board members were not aware of the work the security team had conducted over the summer, or of the IRA campaign the team had unearthed. To avoid leaks and to control the press, members of Congress and the public would be briefed on the sixth. It would not be easy, they thought, but at least Facebook could try to control the narrative and convince the public that it had finally uncovered the extent to which Russia had interfered in the 2016 elections.

Stamos and his team were asked to prepare a security briefing for the board and to write a blog post for Facebook. Having Stamos’s name on the blog served a dual purpose. His team had been responsible for finding the Russian activity and knew it best, and his reputation as a warrant canary might win over the cybersecurity world.

Schrage and Facebook’s legal team eviscerated the first draft of the post, which Stamos had crafted in coordination with several members of his team. It should be as academic as possible, Stamos was told, and carefully worded to ensure that Facebook did not open itself up to more legal liability than was necessary. “He was told to take the most conservative numbers possible, and present them,” recalled one person involved in the conversations. “Everything he had written, the context around the investigation and the accounts the security team had found, all of that was eliminated from the blog.” It felt like a repeat of what had happened with the white paper—once again, Facebook was withholding what it knew.

Stamos hoped that before the board, at least, he could present a full picture of what his team had uncovered. He repeatedly asked Schrage if he should prepare a deck, or some type of reading material, for the board members ahead of time, but he was told to keep his presentation limited to documents he could present in person.

On the morning of the sixth, Stamos was escorted to a soundproof room to appear before a special, three-member audit committee whose members were pulled from Facebook’s full board and were dedicated to governance and oversight, including security and privacy issues. The three members were Marc Andreessen; former chief of staff to President Bill Clinton, Erskine Bowles; and Susan Desmond-Hellmann, an oncologist and chief executive officer of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. They sat at a table with Stamos at the head; Schrage and Stretch were also present. Over the course of an hour, using a deck he printed out and distributed to the three board members, Stamos ran through the security team’s findings.

The board members remained largely silent, speaking only when they wanted Stamos to slow down or explain something in greater detail. When Stamos was done, Bowles reacted first. “How the fuck are we only hearing about this now?” The profanity was softened by his lilting Southern accent, but there was no mistaking his anger. The unflappable North Carolina patrician rarely cursed in the Facebook boardroom. The other two board members reacted with similar, if tempered, fury. Andreessen grilled Stamos on the technical aspects of Russia’s playbook. Desmond-Hellmann wanted to know more about how the security team had gone about finding the accounts and what it planned to do next.

Stamos gave his honest assessment. It was likely that there was more Russian activity on Facebook that his team had not yet discovered, and it was almost guaranteed that Russian attempts to influence U.S. voters were ongoing.

The audit committee recommended that the full Facebook board be shown the presentation Stamos had prepared and that the subject of Russian election interference be raised to the top of the full board meeting, planned for the next day. It did not go well. “There was definitely yelling. There were questions of ‘How could you let this happen?’ and ‘Why are you only telling us now?’” reported one person who was briefed on the meeting. Zuckerberg maintained his calm, walking the board through some of the technical solutions he hoped to put in place, which included a hiring spree among the safety and security teams. Sandberg was more shaken up. “At the end of the day, Stamos’s team reported to Sandberg, and the policy teams reported to Sandberg. There was this feeling that she had dropped the ball.”

Sandberg was especially upset by Stamos’s assessment that there could be millions of dollars of ads, or hundreds of Russian accounts, still active on the platform. Those concerns had not been mentioned in the reports and briefing notes she had seen, and in her mind, Facebook had found the majority of what there was to find on the platform. Yes, what had happened was regrettable, but she hoped the board would walk away with the sense that Facebook had uncovered the full extent of the Russian interference. When told by members of the board that Stamos had presented a very different picture in the meeting the day before, raising the possibility that there were Russian ads and accounts that had not yet been found, she froze.

The next day, in a hastily called meeting in the Aquarium, she took out her frustrations on the chief security officer. “You threw us under the bus!” she yelled at Stamos, in front of dozens of people gathered in the room as well as others who had joined the meeting via a conference line. The outburst continued for several minutes, with Sandberg upbraiding Stamos for taking so long to find the Russian interference and for concluding, without any evidence, that there was still more. Stamos shrank in his seat. He did not offer a response or defense, and no one else in the room said a word until Zuckerberg, visibly uncomfortable, said, “Let’s move on.”

Facebook had bigger problems to contend with than the board meeting. In the hours after Stamos had met with the audit board, the company had published the blog post detailing Facebook’s findings. Innocuously titled, “An Update on Information Operations on Facebook,” it was the first public acknowledgment of IRA activity on the platform, reporting that not only had Russia tried to sway the U.S. elections, but it had spent approximately $100,000 on ads from June 2015 to May 2017. The roughly three thousand ads it had run had violated Facebook’s policies, wrote Stamos, and the accounts associated with them had been removed. The post omitted the fact that millions of Americans had been reached through those ads.

Stamos knew the post did not give the full picture of Russia’s election interference. He was unsurprised when the figures he’d provided were immediately torn apart by academics and independent researchers who had long been studying Russia’s presence online.

In San Francisco, disinformation researcher Renée DiResta reviewed the Facebook blog post from her apartment overlooking the bay. Almost immediately, she began texting researchers and amateur disinformation sleuths she had developed relationships with over the last two years.

The number of people actively studying disinformation in the United States could be listed in one breath. DiResta, like the others, had chanced into studying the field. When researching preschools for her firstborn son in 2014, she discovered that a number of preschools in Northern California had lax rules on vaccinations. DiResta wanted to know why so many parents were casting off the recommendations of the medical establishment and so began joining anti-vaccine groups on Facebook.

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