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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
1085. Death of Gregory VII, in exile at Salerno; the papacy vacant till the following year.
Conquest of Toledo from the Moors by Alfonso of Castile.
1086. "COMPLETION OF THE DOMESDAY BOOK." See v, 242.
The Mahometans of Spain invite the chief of the Almoravides to assist them. See "DECLINE OF THE MOORISH POWER IN SPAIN," v, 256.
1087. King William of England invades France; he dies at Rouen. His eldest son, Robert, inherits Normandy; his second son, William Rufus, secures the throne of England.
1088. Yussef is called into Spain by the Moorish princes; their jealousies and discords render his assistance unavailing. See "DECLINE OF THE MOORISH POWER IN SPAIN," v, 256.
1089. Henry IV excommunicated by Pope Urban II. A violent earthquake in England.
The disease known as St. Anthony's fire breaks out in Lorraine.
1090. Hasan, Subah of Nishapur, collects a band of Carmathians who are named after him, "Assassins."
William Rufus, King of England, invades Normandy and captures St. Valery.
1091. Yussef conquers Seville and Almeria, sends Almoatamad to Africa, and becomes supreme ruler in Mahometan Spain. See "DECLINE OF THE MOORISH POWER IN SPAIN," v, 256.
1092. Guibert's party hold the castle of St. Angelo; Guibert's title to the papacy is still asserted by Henry IV.
Complete disruption of the empire of the Seljuks follows the death of Shah Malek.
1093. King Malcolm of Scotland invades England; he is killed near Alnwick, by Roger de Mowbray.
1094. Sancho, King of Aragon and Navarre, falls in battle; he is succeeded by his son Pedro.
Peter the Hermit goes on his pilgrimage to Jerusalem. See "THE FIRST CRUSADE," v, 276.
1095. Philip and Henry again excommunicated by Pope Urban II.
Henry of Besangon marries Theresa, daughter of Alfonso the Valiant, who erects Portugal into a county for his son-in-law.
1096. Aphdal, the Fatimite, expels the sons of Ortok from Jerusalem.
Movement of the first crusading armies; massacre of Jews in Europe. See "THE FIRST CRUSADE," v, 276.
1097. William Rufus expels Archbishop Anselm, from England in defiance of the papal legate.
Emperor Henry IV protects the German Jews.
Death of Albert Azzo, Marquis of Lombardy, more than 100 years old; he was father of Guelf IV, the progenitor of the Brunswick family, afterward one of the English royal lines.
The crusaders take Nicaea; the Eastern emperor Alexius, suspicious of the crusaders, obtains the city of Nicasa for himself. See "THE FIRST CRUSADE," v, 276.
1098. Edgar, son of Malcolm, seated on the throne of Scotland by Edgar Atheling with an English army.
Pope Urban II holds a council at Bari to condemn the doctrines of the Greek Church.
1099. Jerusalem captured by the crusaders. See "THE FIRST CRUSADE," v, 276.
Founding of the order of the Knights Hospitallers; Gerard of Jerusalem the first provost or grand master.
Coronation of Henry V, second son of the Emperor, as king of the Romans.
1100. New antipopes arise on the death of Guibert (Clement III), one of whom assumes the name of Sylvester IV.
William Rufus accidentally slain; Henry I becomes king of England; he renews the laws of Edward the Confessor and unites the Saxon and Norman races by his marriage with Matilda, granddaughter of Edmund "Ironside."
1101. Robert, Duke of Normandy, invades England and makes war on his brother, Henry I.
Guelf, Duke of Bavaria, and William, Duke of Aquitaine, conduct a large body of crusaders to the East. United with those who set out in the preceding year, they are met by Kilidsch Arslan, on entering Asia Minor, and are cut to pieces or dispersed.
1102. Pope Paschal II obtains from Matilda a deed of gift of all her states to the Church.
Coloman, King of Hungary, conquers Croatia and Dalmatia.
1103. Yussef's son Ali recognized as heir to the thrones of Spain and Africa.
1104. Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, defeats the Turks and captures Acre.
Emperor Henry IV faces a rebellion of his son, incited by the papal party.
1105. Interview between Emperor Henry and his son at Elbingen; a diet is called to be held at Mainz for the settlement of their dispute.
The English, under King Henry, take Caen and Bayeux in Normandy.
Defeat of the Turks in an attempt to retake Jerusalem; Bohemond, Prince of Tarentum, who had taken Antioch from the Turks, made prisoner.
1106. King Henry I overthrows Duke Robert, who is captured, and secures Normandy.
Death of Henry IV and accession of his son Henry V to the German throne; the new Emperor asserts his right to appoint bishops.
1108. Death of Philip, King of France; Louis VI, the Fat, succeeds.
1109. Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, assisted by a Venetian fleet, captures Tripoli.
Portugal declared independent and the hereditary succession established in Count Henry's family.
1111. Emperor Henry V enters Rome; bloody contests between his soldiers and the people. Pope Paschal II, a prisoner, resigns the right of investiture and crowns the Emperor.
1113. Death of Swatopolk, Duke of Russia; his brother Vladimir succeeds.
1114. War in Wales; King Henry I erects castles there to secure his conquests.
1117. The Doge of Venice falls at Zara in defending Dalmatia against the Hungarians.
1118. "FOUNDATION OF THE ORDER OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR." See v, 301.
On the death of Paschal II the cardinals elect Gelasius II; the Emperor appoints the Archbishop of Braga to assume the papal dignity under the name of Gregory VIII. The factions afterward known as the Guelfs and Ghibellines arose from this event.
1119. Battle of Noyon, by which Henry I reestablishes his ascendency in Normandy.
Defeat of the Turks at Antioch by King Baldwin II and the Knights Hospitallers.
Henry I resists the papal claim to investiture in England; banishment of Thurstan, Archbishop of Canterbury.
1120. Sinking of the White Ship (La Blanche Nef), in which Prince William, son of Henry I, was lost. The King is said to have "never smiled again" after the receipt of the news.
1121. Siege of Sutri by the army of Pope Calixtus II, and surrender of Antipope Gregory.
1122. Henry V and Calixtus II compromise, at the Diet of Worms, the dispute respecting the right of investiture.
Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, and Jocelyn de Courtenay made prisoners by the Turks.
Abelard, a noted French theologian, accused of heresy at the Council of Soissons, is condemned to burn his writings.
1123. Ninth general council; First Lateran Council.
War renewed in Normandy by the rebellion of certain powerful barons; Henry I, King of England, takes their castles.
1124. A rich Pisan convoy, on its voyage from Sardinia, captured by the Genoese.
1125. Death of the emperor Henry V of Germany, which ends the Franconian dynasty; the Duke of Saxony, Lothair II, elected his successor; he declares war against the Hohenstaufens.
Punishment of the mintmen in England for issuing base coin.
1126. King Henry leaves Normandy and takes his prisoners to England.
1127. Marriage of Henry's daughter, Matilda, to Geoffrey Plantagenet; she is acknowledged by the English barons as heiress to her father's throne. See "STEPHEN USURPS THE ENGLISH CROWN," v, 317.
Death of William, Duke of Apulia; Roger II, Great Count of Sicily, succeeds. This unites the Norman conquests in Italy with Sicily; the Pope excommunicates him.
1128. Conrad, Duke of Franconia, of the Hohenstaufen house, crowned king of Italy at Milan, in opposition to Lothair II; he is excommunicated by the Pope.
Roger II overcomes the papal resistance and is formally acknowledged duke of Apulia and Calabria.
1129. King Henry of England releases his Norman prisoners and restores their lands to them.
1130. On the death of Pope Honorius II the cardinals divide into two factions, one of which elects Innocent II, and the other the antipope Anacletus II. The latter gains possession of the Lateran and is there consecrated; Innocent takes refuge in France.