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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
99. Julius Servius becomes governor of Britain.
101. Trajan discontinues the annual payment to the Dacians; they invade the Roman provinces; Trajan attacks and drives them over the Danube.
102. Rome continues the war in Dacia. Trajan's Empress, Plotina Pompeia, and his sister, Marciana, by their example reform the manners and character of the Roman women.
103. Trajan dictates a treaty of peace to Decebalus, the Dacian leader.
104. Rome renews the Dacian war; Trajan again in command; Hadrian serves under him.
Pliny writes his famous letter to the Roman Emperor in regard to the Christians.
105. Trajan's bridge over the Danube constructed.
Plutarch is governor of Illyricum.
106. Decebalus falling in battle, the Dacian war ends; Dacia becomes a Roman province beyond the Danube.
107. Trajan drains the Pontine marshes and constructs a road through them; he erects a school for poor children and performs other meritorious works.
Great discontent is aroused by the progress of Christianity among the numerous classes of those whose livelihood is derived from the services and ceremonies of the heathen temples. The third persecution of Christians begins.
114. Trajan's Column erected; it was made of twenty-four huge blocks of marble so closely united that they seem like one piece; it is still in existence, although Trajan's statue, surmounting it, was replaced by one of St. Peter.
115. War of Rome with Parthia; Trajan adds Armenia and Mesopotamia to the Roman domains. Rome attains its greatest extension.
Great earthquake at Antioch.
116. Great revolt of the Jews in Cyrene, Cyprus, and Egypt; they slaughter many thousands of Greeks and Romans.
117. Death of Trajan, who is succeeded by Hadrian; the Asiatic conquests are relinquished by him.
118. Hadrian, who was with Trajan at the time of his death, returns to Rome; a plot against him is discovered and four conspiring senators are put to death. Hadrian conciliates the people with large gifts. He enters upon his campaign in Mœcia.
119. Hadrian begins a personal survey of his dominions; he visits Campania, Gaul, and Britain.
121. Birth of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
131. Birth of Galen, long the supreme authority in medical science.
132. Insurrection of the Jews under Bar Cocheba; their final dispersion follows. See "The Jews' Last Struggle for Freedom: Their Final Dispersion," iii, 222.
138. Death of Hadrian and succession of Antoninus Pius.
155.* About this time Polycarp and Justin suffer martyrdom. See "Martyrdom of Polycarp and Justin Martyr," iii, 231.
161. Death of Antoninus Pius; Marcus Aurelius Antoninus succeeds to the Roman throne and makes Lucius Verus his associate in the Empire.
Roman war with Parthia begins.
162. Volagases, with a Parthian army, invades Syria and defeats the Romans.
163. Verus, the Roman Emperor, enjoys himself at Antioch and Daphne while his generals reap successes in Armenia and Media.
165. Seleucia and Ctesiphon are captured by the Romans; end of the Parthian war; Rome acquires Mesopotamia.
166.* Great plague throughout the Roman Empire.
War begins between Rome and the Germanic tribes of the Marcomanni and Quadi, which had invaded Roman territories.
168. The Marcomanni retire into their own country, but M. Aurelius pursues his preparations against them, in order to safeguard Italy.
169. Sudden death of Verus, while in his chariot, on his journey to Rome.
174. Aurelius makes a short visit to Rome; when he rejoins the army the German tribes are signally defeated; this gives rise to the fable of the "Thundering Legion."
177. Persecution of the Christians in Gaul begins; Pothinus, Bishop of Lyons, suffers martyrdom. See "Persecution of the Christians in Gaul," iii, 246.
180. Death of Marcus Aurelius; his son, Commodus, succeeds him on the Roman throne. See "Beginning of Rome's Decline: Commodus," iii, 263.
183. Lucilla, the sister of Commodus, having conspired against her brother, is exiled from Rome; Commodus vents his rage on the senators.
184. The Caledonians break through the wall on the northern borders of Britain; they are driven back by Ulpius Marcellus.
185. Marcia, the favorite of Commodus, protects the Christians.
Birth of Origen, one of the early Church fathers, at Alexandria.
186. Many prominent Roman citizens are put to death, by order of Commodus.
187. Commodus degrades himself by acting as a gladiator and slaying wild beasts in the Circus at Rome. See "Beginning of Rome's Decline: Commodus," iii, 263.
188. Lightning strikes the Capitol at Rome; the library and many adjacent buildings are burned.
189. Revolt of Maternus in Spain and Gaul subdued by Pescennius Niger.
Famine and pestilence in Rome; popular commotions; the guards are overcome and Commodus is driven to Lanuvium; the populace is appeased by the sacrifice of Cleander. See "Beginning of Rome's Decline: Commodus," iii, 263.
191. Great fire at Rome; the temples of Vesta and of Peace are burned; many valuable libraries destroyed, in which some works of Galen's are lost.
192. Murder of Commodus.
193. Pertinax elected emperor by the Roman senate; he is later assassinated by the prætorians. The Imperial dignity is purchased by Didius Julianus; he is slain the same year. Albinus in Britain, Niger in Syria, and Septimus Severus in Pannonia are proclaimed emperors by their respective legions. Fall of Didius Julianus and accession of Severus.
194. In the East, Severus triumphs over his rival, Niger. Byzantium resists Severus.
196. Byzantium falls before Severus.
197. Albinus in Gaul is crushed by Severus.
198. Septimus Severus proceeds against the Parthians; he besieges and captures Ctesiphon.
208. Successful campaign of Severus against the Caledonians in Britain and Caledonia.
211. Death of Septimus Severus at York; his sons Caracalla and Geta succeed him.
212. Caracalla slays his brother Geta.
213. Caracalla, universally detested for his cruelties, goes into Gaul and assumes the surname of Germanicus. He leads the first attack of the Romans against the Alemanni.
215. Having proceeded through Dacia, Thrace, and Antioch to Alexandria, Caracalla orders a massacre of the Egyptians.
216. By a delusive offer of marriage with the daughter of Artabanus, Caracalla decoys the Parthians into his camp, where he treacherously attacks and slays a great number of them.
217. Caracalla is assassinated; Macrinus is proclaimed emperor; he purchases peace with the Parthians. Julia Domna, the mother of Caracalla and Geta, being banished to Antioch, starves herself to death.
218. Macrinus is overthrown by Elagabalus, who succeeds him as emperor of Rome. This was accomplished by Mœsa, sister of Julia Domna, bribing a portion of the army to espouse the cause of her grandson Elagabalus.
219. Elagabalus arrives at Rome; he brings with him his Syrian idol, which he places in a stately temple.
220. The highest offices of the State are filled by Elagabalus with his vilest associates.
222. Alexander Severus (Alexianus) succeeds Elagabalus, who is slain by the prætorians; his mother, Soœmias, is killed with him.
223. All persecution of the Christians ceases in Rome.
Alexander Severus guided by his mother, Marnæa, who is created augusta.
224. The Persians, under Ardashir (known by the Greeks as Artaxerxes), revolt against the Parthians.
225. Marriage of Alexander Severus to Sulpitia Memmia.
226. Ardashir overthrows the Parthian kingdom; he founds the new Persian kingdom of the Sassanidæ.
228. Ulpian, prætorian prefect, endeavors to restrain the licentiousness of the guards; a mutiny ensues and he is put to death.
229. Dion Cassius having, as governor of Dalmatia and Pannonia, offended the army by his strictness, the Emperor testifies his approbation by making him his colleague in the consulship.
230. Artaxerxes, now at the head of a powerful empire and great army, lays claim to all the former territories of Persia.
231. Alexander Severus, at Antioch, prepares to resist the Persian demands by arms.