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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
This subjugation of the man whom the senate of Old Rome had pronounced a public enemy redounded far and wide to the glory of the man whom the senate of New Rome had proclaimed a public enemy. And in the mean time Stilicho's position had become still more splendid and secure by the marriage of his daughter Maria with the emperor Honorius (398), for which an epithalamium was written by Claudian, who, as we might expect, celebrates the father-in-law as expressly as the bridal pair. The Gildonic war also supplied, we need hardly remark, a grateful material for his favorite theme; and the year 400, to which Stilicho gave his name of consul, inspired an enthusiastic effusion.
It may seem strange that now, almost at the zenith of his fame, the father-in-law of the Emperor and the hero of the Gildonic war did not make some attempt to carry out his favorite project of interfering with the government of the eastern provinces. But there are two considerations which may help to explain this.
In the first place Stilicho himself was not the man of indomitable will who forms a project and carries it through; he was a man rather of that ambitious but hesitating character which Mommsen attributes to Pompey. He was half a Roman and half a barbarian; he was half strong and half weak; he was half patriotic and half selfish. His intentions were unscrupulous, but he was almost afraid of them. Besides this, his wife, Serena, probably endeavored to check his policy of discord and maintain unity in the Theodosian house. In the second place, it is sufficiently probable that he was in constant communication with Gainas, the German general of the eastern armies and chief representative of the German interests in the realm of Arcadius, and that Gainas was awaiting his time for an outbreak, by which Stilicho hoped to profit and execute his designs. He had no excuse for interference, and he was willing to wait. His inactive policy of the next two years must not be taken to indicate that he cherished no ambitious projects.
The Germans looked up to Stilicho as the most important German in the empire; their natural protector and friend, while there was a large Roman faction opposed to him as a foreigner. But as yet this faction was not strong enough to overpower him. It is remarkable that his fall was finally brought about by the influence of a palace official (a.d. 408), while the fall of his rival Eutropius, which occurred far sooner (a.d. 399), was brought about by the compulsion of a German general. These facts indicate that the two dangers to which I have already called attention—the preponderating influence of chamberlains and eunuchs—were mutually checks on each other.
CHRONOLOGY OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY
Embracing the Period Covered in This Volume
A.D. 13-409
JOHN RUDD, LL.D.
Events treated at length are here indicated in large type; the numerals following give volume and page.
Separate chronologies of the various nations, and of the careers of famous persons, will be found in the Index Volume, with volume and page references showing where the several events are fully treated.
* Denotes date uncertain.
A.D.
13. A fifth ten-year term of imperial rule is voted to Augustus at Rome.
Roman invasion of Germany under Germanicus. See "Germanicus in Germany," iii, 1.
14. Death of Augustus; succeeded by his adopted son, Tiberius, as emperor of Rome.
16. Germanicus successful in his campaign against Arminius. He is recalled to Rome by Tiberius. See "Germanicus in Germany," iii, 1.
17. Ephesus, Magnesia, and other cities in Asia destroyed by an earthquake.
Germanicus fêted in Rome.
18. Herod the Tetrarch builds the city of Tiberias in Galilee.
Wealthy women of Jerusalem provide wine medicated with opiates for crucified malefactors. See "The Crucifixion," iii, 23.
19. Death of Germanicus.
Jews and Egyptians expelled from Rome; four thousand of them colonize in Sardinia.
21. The theatre of Pompey, at Rome, destroyed by fire.
23. Birth of Pliny the Elder.
26. Tiberius leaves Rome to the government of Sejanus.
27. The Roman Pantheon completed.
30 (29-33). Death of Jesus. See "The Crucifixion," iii, 23.
31. Downfall and execution of Sejanus.
33. Great impetus of Christianity. See "The Rise and Spread of Christianity," iii, 40.
37. Caius, called Caligula, succeeds Tiberius as emperor of Rome.
41. Emperor Caligula murdered; Claudius elevated to the throne.
The Herodian kingdom of Judea restored under Herod Agrippa.
43. Beginning of the Roman conquest of Britain under Aulus Plautius and Claudius.
44. Plautius is appointed the first Roman governor of Britain.
Death of Herod Agrippa; end of the kingdom of Judea.
51. Caractacus, King of the Trinobantes in Britain, captured by Ostorius and sent in chains to Rome.
52. Aqueducts of the Aqua Claudia in Rome, begun in a.d. 38, completed.
54. Agrippina poisons Claudius; Nero, her son, becomes emperor.
55.* Birth of Tacitus.
59. Agrippina murdered at Nero's order.
61. Boadicea in Britain revolts against the Romans; the uprising quelled by Suetonius Paulinus.
62.* Birth of Pliny the Younger.
64. The burning of Rome. See "Burning of Rome under Nero," iii, 108.
First persecution of Christians. See "Persecution of the Christians under Nero," iii, 134.
65. The conspiracy of Piso against Nero. Execution of Lucan and Seneca by command of Nero.
66. Revolt of the Jews against the Roman government.
67. Victorious campaigns of Vespasian against the rebellious Jews.
68. Rise of the Roman commanders against Nero. Galba's march upon Rome. Suicide of Emperor Nero; accession of Galba.
69. Galba murdered. Otho becomes emperor; vanquished by Vitellius, who ascends the throne. Vespasian overthrows Vitellius and succeeds him.
Uprising of the Batavians under Claudius Civilis.
70. The Roman Capitol rebuilt by Vespasian.
Jerusalem besieged and destroyed by Titus. See "The Great Jewish Revolt," iii, 150.
76. Birth of the emperor Hadrian.
78. Agricola succeeds Julius Frontinus in Britain; extends the Roman dominion to the Tyne and introduces the useful arts.
79. Death of Vespasian; Titus on the throne.
Destruction of Herculaneum and Pompeii by an eruption of Vesuvius; Pliny the Elder, writer of the Studiosus, loses his life. See "Destruction of Pompeii," iii, 207.
80. The Roman Empire swept by pestilence.
The Colosseum, the work of Vespasian, dedicated by Titus.
81. Death of Titus; Domitian, his brother, becomes emperor.
Agricola extends Roman dominion in Britain.
84. Successful campaigns of Agricola against the Caledonians under Galgacus. Agricola builds a wall of defence between the Clyde and the Forth, and sails around the north of Scotland for the first time.
85. Agricola recalled to Rome through jealousy of Domitian, who appoints Sallustius in his stead.
86. Successful onslaught of the Dacians, under the Decebalus, against the Romans.
Capitoline games instituted by Domitian at Rome.
87. Dacian wars led Rome to agree to pay tribute and provoked the cruelties of Domitian.
88. Celebration of the secular games at Rome.
Tacitus appointed prætor.
91. Domitian concludes a peace with the Dacians.
94. Domitian's wholesale slaughter of his subjects appalls Rome.
95. Jews and Christians refusing to pay taxes to rebuild the temple of Jupiter at Rome are severely punished. These cruelties are sometimes called the "second persecution."
96. The tyrannies of Domitian finally provoke a conspiracy which accomplishes his death. Nerva succeeds him as emperor. Exiles recalled and the unjustly imprisoned freed.
97. Tacitus, the historian, becomes consul at Rome. Nerva adopts Trajan.
98. Nerva dies and is succeeded by Trajan; Pliny and Plutarch are highly distinguished by him.