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The Historians' History of the World 01 [Prolegomena; Egypt, Mesopotamia]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Historians' History of the World 01 [Prolegomena; Egypt, Mesopotamia]». Краткое содержание книги:
1430 Kadashman-Bel.—He corresponds with Amenhotep III, of Egypt.
Monuments.—Letters found at Tel-el-Amarna.
1420 Burnaburiash I.—Contemporary with Puzur-Asshur of Assyria, with whom he seems to have had difficulties regarding questions of boundary. Builds a temple to the Sun-god at Larsa.
1410 Kurigalzu I.—The city of Dur-Kurigalzu is named after him. He probably rebuilds it.
Monuments.—Correspondence with Pharaoh of Egypt. (Tel-el-Amarna.)
1400 Burnaburiash II.—His successor. Long and prosperous reign.
Monuments.—Correspondence with Amenhotep IV, of Egypt. (Tel-el-Amarna.)
1370 Kharakhardash, marries a daughter of Asshur-uballit, king of Assyria. His son, Kadashman-Kharbe I, conducts a campaign against the Sutu, whom he conquers, and among whom he settles some of his subjects.
1360 Rebellion of the Kassites, who, jealous of the growing Assyrian influence, kill the king and place on the throne Nazibugash, who is defeated and killed by Asshur-uballit, the king of Assyria.
1350 Kurigalzu II.—Placed on the throne by the Assyrian king, invades Elam, and conquers the city of Susa (or Shushan). Battle with Bel-nirari, king of Assyria, with doubtful result.
1340-1286 Continuous struggle between Babylonia and Assyria under the following kings: Nazi-Maruttash (1340), Kadashman-Turgu, Kadashman-Buriash (1330), Kudur-Bel (1304-1299), Shagarakti-Buriash (1298-1286).
1285-1270 The king of Assyria, Tukulti-Ninib I, invades Babylon, enters the town, removes the treasures of the temple, and carries away the god Marduk to Assyria. This invasion took place probably under the reign of Bibeiashu, whose successors, Bel-shum-iddin, Kadashman-Kharbe II (1277-1275), and Adad-shum-iddin (1274-1269), were very likely only vassals of Tukulti-Ninib, who was the real king of Babylon for seven years.
1270 The Babylonians rise in revolt, drive the Assyrians from Babylon, 1269 and make Adad-shum-usur king, under whom the power of Babylon begins to revive. Assyria attacked, the king, Bel-kudur-usur, slain, and a portion of Assyrian territory annexed.
1238-1224 Meli-Shipak.—Successful against the Assyrian king, Ninib-apal-esharra, 1223-1211 so that under Marduk-apal-iddin, the Babylonian dominion extends over nearly the whole of the valley.
1210 Under the last two kings of this dynasty, Zamamu-shum-iddin and 1209 Bel-shum-iddin, Babylonia threatened by the Assyrian Asshur-dan.
1207 End of the dynasty as result of a Semitic revolution.
IVth DYNASTY, 1207-1075 B.C.
The origin of this (Isin) dynasty still doubtful. There are eleven kings, of whom four or five are unknown to us.
1135 Nebuchadrezzar I, sixth king, exhibits the old-time spirit. Invades Assyria, but is repulsed. Is successful in campaigns against the people of Elam and Lulubi, even penetrates into Syria.
Monuments.—Monolithic inscription concerning grant of land to Ritti Marduk of Bit-Karziyabku.
1110 In the reign of Marduk-nadin-akhe, Tiglathpileser I of Assyria invades Babylon and takes the capital.
1083 At death of Marduk-shapik-zer-mati, a usurper, Adad-apal-iddin takes the throne.
1078 End of dynasty with death of Nabu-shum.
Vth, VIth, VIIth, VIIIth DYNASTIES, 1075-728 B.C.
A series of short-lived dynasties all struggling with the rising power of Assyria.
1075 Dynasty of Sea Lands, at the estuaries of the Tigris and the Euphrates upon the Persian Gulf, which later exercises great influence upon the history of Babylonia. This dynasty numbers only three kings, who reign together twenty-one years five months, or, according to the Babylonian chronicle, twenty-three years; viz. Sibar-Shipak, slain and buried in palace of Sargon. In his reign the Elamites pillage Sippar and do much damage; Ea-mukin-zer, of whom nothing is known, and Kasshu-nadin-akhe. These kings engaged on rebuilding the temple of the Sun at Sippar.
1053-1033 The dynasty of Sea Lands in Babylonia followed by the dynasty of Bit-Bazi, numbering also only three kings: Eulbar-shakin-shum, Ninib-kudur-usur, and Silanim-shukamuna, followed by a dynasty of Elam with only one king, whose name is unknown.
1027 The VIIIth Dynasty. Babylonian stock having exhausted its vigour, now intermixed with Kassite and other foreign blood.
747 Nabu-nasir (Nabonassar) of the VIIIth Dynasty comes to the throne. A time of literary activity.
732 Nabu-nadinzer, his successor, slain by Nabu-shum-ukin.
731 Ukinzer replaces Nabu-shum-ukin. Tiglathpileser III invades Babylon and determines to end the rule of native princes in the land.
728 Tiglathpileser, king of Babylon. End of the Old Babylonian Empire. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
FIRST PERIOD, 1830-1120 B.C.
Assyria was colonised from Babylonia. The date is uncertain, but Nineveh was in existence in 3000 B.C. The early rulers appear to have been subject priest-princes of the kings of Babylonia.
1830-1810 The first known rulers (Ishakke) are Ishme-Dagan and his son, Shamshi-Adad I, who builds a great temple in the city of Asshur, dedicated to the gods Anu and Adad.
1800-1700 Little known of their successors Igur-kapkapu, Shamshi-Adad II, while the dates of Khallu and Irishum are unknown.
Monuments.—A few inscriptions.
1700 Bel-Kapkapu.—The first to take the title of king, and therefore considered the real founder of the monarchy, probably the Bel-bani, of whom Esarhaddon claimed to be a direct descendant.
1700-1450 A dark age of Assyrian history. We know nothing of it, except that after the battle of Megiddo (ca. 1525) the ruler of Assyria sends presents to Tehutimes III.
1450 Assyria is now recognised by Babylonia as an independent kingdom. Its ruler, Asshur-bel-nish-eshu, makes a treaty with Karaindash, king of Kardunyash (Babylonia) concerning boundaries.
1420 Puzur-Asshur, treats with the Babylonians concerning the boundary.
1400 Asshur-nadin-akhe II, his successor, contemporary of Amenhotep IV, king of Egypt. Builds or restores a palace in Asshur.
Monuments.—Friendly correspondence with Amenhotep IV in the Tel-el-Amarna letters.
1370 Succeeded by Asshur-uballit, whose daughter, Muballitat Sheru’a, is married to Karakhardash, king of Babylon. The murder of his son, Kadashman-Kharbe I, brought about Assyrian intervention, and a grandson of Asshur-uballit, Kurigalzu, is placed on the throne. Babylonia now partially subject to Assyria. Campaigns of Asshur-uballit against the Shubari.
1360 His son Bel-nirari said to have conquered the inhabitants of the neighbouring Elamite foothills. These Assyrian conquests lead to a conflict between Kurigalzu II and Bel-nirari, in which the latter is victorious. A rearrangement of the boundary lines between the two countries is the result.
1350 His son, Pudu-ilu, a great warrior, considerably extends his kingdom.
Monuments.—A few brief inscriptions.