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The Historians' History of the World 01 [Prolegomena; Egypt, Mesopotamia]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Historians' History of the World 01 [Prolegomena; Egypt, Mesopotamia]». Краткое содержание книги:
XVI
Hyksos
San
Sharkieh }
XVII
Hyksos
San
Sharkieh }
XVIII
Thebes
Medinet Habu
Keneh
241
2325
1703
XIX
Thebes
Medinet Habu
Keneh
174
2084
1462
XX
Thebes
Medinet Habu
Keneh
178
1910
1288
XXI
Tanis
San
Sharkieh
130
1732
1110
XXII
Bubastis
Tel-Basta
Sharkieh
170
1602
980
XXIII
Tanis
San
Sharkieh
89
1432
810
XXIV
Saïs
Sa-el-Hagar
Gharbieh
6
1343
721
XXV
Ethiopian
Sa-el-Hagar
Gharbieh
50
1337
715
XXVI
Saïs
Sa-el-Hagar
Gharbieh
138
1287
665
XXVII
Persian
Sa-el-Hagar
Gharbieh
121
1149
527
XXVIII
Saïs
Sa-el-Hagar
Gharbieh
7
1028
406
XXIX
Mendes
Ashmun-el-Ruman
Dakalieh
21
1021
399
XXX
Sebennytes
Samanudi
Gharbieh
38
1000
378
XXXI
Persian
Samanudi
Gharbieh
8
962
340
End of list according to Manetho
XXXII
Macedonian
27
954
332
XXXIII
Greek
275
927
305
XXXIV
Roman
411
652
30
Edict of Theodosius
241
A.D.
381
No one can help being struck by the enormous total to which Manetho’s summing up of the dynasties brings us. By means of the Egyptian priest’s lists we are in truth carried back to the times that for all other peoples are purely mythical, but for Egypt are certainly historic.
Embarrassed by this fact and finding no other means of discrediting Manetho’s authenticity and veracity, some modern writers have supposed that Egypt has been at various periods of its history divided into several kingdoms, and that Manetho gives us as successive some royal families whose reigns were in fact simultaneous.
According to these authorities the Vth Dynasty, for example, would have reigned at Memphis at the same time that the VIth governed at Elephantine. It is not necessary to demonstrate the advantages of such an arrangement. By bringing certain dates closer together and by correcting others it is possible by an ingenious and clever arrangement of the dynasties to shorten almost at will the space of time covered by Manetho’s lists; thus while, in the table, we have the date 5626 A.H., that is, before the Hegira, [5004 B.C.] as that of the foundation of the Egyptian monarchy, other writers like Bunsen do not go farther back than 4245 A.H. or 3623 B.C.
On whose side does the truth lie? The more one studies the question, the more it is seen how difficult it is to reply. The greatest of all obstacles to the establishment of a definite Egyptian chronology is that the Egyptians never had a chronology proper. The employment of an era, properly so called, was unknown to them, and up to the present time it has never been proved that they reckoned otherwise than by the years of the reign. And moreover these years were far from having a fixed point of beginning, since sometimes they began at the commencement of the year in which the preceding king died, and sometimes with the coronation of the new king. Whatever may be the apparent precision of its calculations, modern science will always be baffled in its attempts to establish that which the Egyptians themselves did not possess.c
BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS
[The letter a is reserved for Editorial Matter]
Chapter I. The Egyptian Race and Its Origin
b Eduard Meyer, Geschichte der Alten Aegyptens.
d W.M. Flinders Petrie, from the article “Egyptology” in the New Volumes of the Ninth Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
g Adolf Erman, Aegypten und Aegyptisches Leben im Alterthum.
Chapter II. The Old Memphis Kingdom
b Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums.
d A. Wiedemann, Aegyptische Geschichte.
e Diodorus Siculus, The Historical Library (translated from the Greek by G. Booth).
f G.C.C. Maspero, The Dawn of Civilisation (translated from the French by M. L. McClure).
g Samuel Birch, translation of the Inscription of Una in Records of the Past.
h H.C. Brugsch, Geschichte Aegyptens unter den Pharaonen.
Chapter III. The Old Theban Kingdom
b H. C. Brugsch, Geschichte Aegyptens unter den Pharaonen.
c G.C.C. Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’Orient.
d Herodotus, The History of Herodotus (translated from the Greek by William Beloe).
e William Beloe, Translator of the History of Herodotus.
f K.R. Lepsius, Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai (translated from the German by Leonora and Joanna B. Horner).
g Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums.
h W.N. Flinders Petrie, A History of Egypt.
i Flavius Josephus, The Works of Josephus (translated from the Greek by William Whiston).
j Manetho, cited by Josephus.
Chapter IV. The Restoration
b Samuel Birch, Records of the Past.
c G.C.C. Maspero, The Struggle of the Nations (translated from the French by M.L. McClure).
d G.C.C. Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’Orient.
Chapter V. The Nineteenth Dynasty
b G.C.C. Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’Orient.
c Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums.
d H.C. Brugsch, Geschichte Aegyptens unter den Pharaonen.
Chapter VI. The Finding of the Royal Mummies
b G.C.C. Maspero, La Trouvaille de Deir-el-Bahari.
Chapter VII. The Period of Decay
b G.C.C. Maspero, The Struggle of the Nations (translated from the French by M.L. McClure).
c G.C.C. Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’Orient.
d Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums.
Chapter VIII. The Closing Scenes
b L. Ménard, Histoire des anciens peuples de l’Orient.
c Diodorus Siculus, The Historical Library (translated from the Greek by G. Booth).
d Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums.