The Russian challenge and the year 2000

[4] [Translator's note: The bigoted stereotype being reflected here sees the Germans of Lomonosov's time as the ones who nepotistically' dominated Russian scientific and cultural life. Today it is the Jews who are seen in this role.]

[5] [Translator's note: uzly. the plural of uzel, roughly meaning a 'cluster' or knot' of activity centred around a particular event. Solzhenitsyn's narration .n Red Wheel moves from one such cluster' of actions focused around a particular point of time to the next, quite discrete cluster'.]

[6] [Translator's note: The Muscovite Assembly of the Lard' a medieval Russian assembly called together by the tsar in the manner of a medieval parliament ]

[7] [Translator's note: The Belomor canal (The White Sea canal in the extreme arctic north of Russia.) was constructed by prisoners.]