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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
Sweden retains Sten Stur as Protector.
Birth of Rabelais and Luther.
1485. Landing of the Earl of Richmond in England; Battle of Bosworth; Richard III is slain; end of the Wars of the Roses and of the Plantagenet dynasty; Henry VII (Richmond) inaugurates the Tudor dynasty. See "WARS OF THE ROSES," viii, 72.
Matthias of Hungary captures Vienna; Emperor Frederick III expelled from his hereditary dominions.
1486. Excited to revolt by the severities of the Inquisition, the Aragonese put to death the chief inquisitor, Pedro Arbues.
Unconscious doubling of the southern extremity of Africa by Bartholomew Diaz; he gives it the name of Cabo Tormentoso (Cape Stormy), afterward called the Cape of Good Hope. See "THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA," viii, 299.
1488. Battle of Sauchie Burn; James III of Scotland defeated and slain by his rebellious nobles.
Citizens of Bruges capture and imprison, for four months, Maximilian,
King of the Romans.
1489. Bartholomew, brother of Christopher Columbus, tries to arouse maritime enterprise in England.
1490. Ferdinand and Isabella conquer Granada. See "CONQUEST OF GRANADA," viii, 202.
Death of Matthias Corvinus; Ladislaus II, King of Bohemia, is elected king of the Hungarians.
1491. Charles VIII of France sends back to her father his affianced bride, Margaret; compels Anne of Brittany to break her engagement to Maximilian and marries her himself, thus uniting Brittany and France.
1492. Imposture of Perkin Warbeck in England. See "CONSPIRACY, REBELLION, AND EXECUTION OF PERKIN WARBECK," viii, 250. Expulsion of Jews from the Spanish dominions; this great exodus, hundreds of thousands in all, of a commercial hard-working race caused enormous injury to the land so depopulated.
Columbus discovers the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti. See "COLUMBUS DISCOVERS
AMERICA," viii, 224.
1493. Death of Emperor Frederick IV; his son, Maximilian succeeds, the first to take the title Emperor of Germany without being crowned at Rome.
Leaving a garrison in Espanola, Columbus returns to Spain. He starts on his second voyage; discovers Porto Rico.
A papal bull grants to Spain the new world discovered by Columbus, and defines the rights of Spain and Portugal.
1494. A treaty, that of Tordesillas, partitions the ocean between Spain and Portugal.
Formation of the Christian Commonwealth at Florence. See "SAVONAROLA'S
REFORMS AND DEATH," viii, 265.
Sir Edward Poynings, Governor of Ireland, induces the parliament of that country to pass the act bearing his name, which gives full power to all the laws of England.
1495. Conquest of Naples by Charles VIII of France; he retreats to France. Ferdinand II is restored to the throne of Naples.
Maximilian establishes the Imperial Chamber.
Extinction of the right of private warfare in Germany.
1496. Encouraged by the success of Columbus, Henry VII of England sends out John Cabot and his son, Sebastian, on a voyage of discovery.
Emanuel of Portugal fits out an expedition under Vasco da Gama to explore the eastern seas.
1497. "DISCOVERY OF THE MAINLAND OF NORTH AMERICA BY THE CABOTS." See viii, 282.
Sten Sture offends the Swedish nobility, is defeated and stripped of his protectorate by John II, who enforces the Union of Kalmar; he is crowned at Stockholm.
Pinzon and Vespucci discover Central America.
1498. Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope and reaches India. See "THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA," viii, 299.
Columbus makes his third voyage across the Western Ocean; he discovers
South America; is arrested and returned to Spain in irons. See "COLUMBUS
DISCOVERS SOUTH AMERICA," viii, 323.
Arrest and execution of Savonarola at Florence. See "SAVONAROLA'S REFORMS
AND DEATH," viii, 265.
1499. Conquest of the duchy of Milan by the French. Unsuccessful war of Maximilian against the Swiss. See "ESTABLISHMENT OF Swiss INDEPENDENCE," viii, 336.
Venezuela reached by Ojeda and Vespucci. See "AMERIGO VESPUCCI IN
AMERICA," viii, 346.
In Persia the Shiah sect of Mahometans gain the ascendency which they have since retained. 1500. Voyage to and exploration of Labrador and Newfoundland by Caspar Cortereal, a Portuguese navigator.
Brazil discovered by Pedro Alvarez Cabral, or Cabera; he takes possession of the country for the King of Portugal.
1501. Emperor Maximilian creates the Aulic Council, a court of appeal on decisions by other German courts.
Joint conquest and partition of Naples by Ferdinand of Aragon and Louis
XII of France.
Sten Sture regains ascendency in Sweden.
Caesar Borgia makes himself master of Pesaro, Rimini, and Faenza; he is guilty of numerous atrocities.
1502. Columbus on his fourth and last voyage reaches the isthmus of Panama.
Caesar Borgia fails in his evil course. See "RISE AND FALL OF THE
BORGIAS," viii, 360.
Montezuma elected to the military leadership of the Aztecs.
In Naples the French and Spanish quarrel and commence hostilities.
1503. Marriage of James IV of Scotland with Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England; this brought the Stuarts to the throne of England.
Battle of Cerignola and Garigliano; the Spaniards defeat the French and become masters of Naples.
Death of Sten Sture; the Swedish people support Svante Sture in opposition to the crown, the nobility, and priesthood.
1504. Death of Isabella, Queen of Spain; the throne of Castile passes to her daughter, Joanna, and the latter's husband, Philip.
Jealous of the new Indian trade of the Portuguese, the Venetians incite the mamelukes of Egypt and the sovereign of Calicut to begin hostilities against them.
Citizens of Naples resist by violence the introduction of the
Inquisition.
Suppression of the Lordship of the Isles by James IV of Scotland.
1505. Death of Ivan the Great; he is succeeded on the Russian throne by his son, Basil (Vasili IV).
1506. Expulsion by the Genoese of their nobles and the French.
Madagascar discovered by the Portuguese.
Building of the Great Harry, the first ship of the royal navy of England.
Beginning of the erection of St. Peter's, at Rome, by Bramante d'Urbino;
Pope Julius II lays the first stone.
1507. Louis XII goes to crush the revolt in Genoa; he succeeds.
1508. Michelangelo begins the decoration of the Sistine chapel. See "PAINTING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL," viii, 369.
1509. Death of Henry VII; his son, Henry VIII, succeeds to the English throne; he marries Catherine of Aragon.
Campaign of Cardinal Ximenes in Africa; Oran taken by the Spaniards.
Diego Columbus, son of the discoverer, made governor of Spanish America, which is first settled this year.
Subjugation of Porto Rico by Ponce de Leon; he later becomes governor of that island.
1510. Occupation of Goa by the Portuguese under Albuquerque, Governor of the Indies.
1511. Subjugation of Cuba by the Spaniards under Velasquez.
Malacca taken by the Portuguese; it becomes the centre of their trade in the East.
1512. War declared against France by Henry VIII of England.
Battle of Ravenna; victory of the French; their general, Gaston de
Foix, falls on the field; the revolted cities of Italy submit. Lombardy
evacuated by the French; restoration of the Sforza dynasty, and of the
Medici in Florence.
1513. From the Isthmus of Panama Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean. See "BALBOA DISCOVERS THE PACIFIC," viii, 381.
Invasion of France by Henry VIII; defeat of the French at Guinegate,
"Battle of the Spurs"; Térouanne and Tournai taken by the English.
Battle of Flodden Field; the Scots, under James IV, having invaded