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The Historians' History of the World 02 [Israel, India, Persia, Phoenicia, Minor Nations of Western Asia]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
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5) Then said I, O Lord God, cease, I beseech thee:
How shall Jacob stand? for he is small.
6) The Lord repented concerning this:
This also shall not be, saith the Lord God.
7) Thus he (the Lord God) shewed me:
And behold he stood beside a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand.
8) And the Lord said unto me, Amos, what seest thou?
And I said, A plumbline.
Then the Lord said, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel;
I will not again pass them by any more:
9) And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste.
And I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.
1) Thus the Lord God shewed me:
And, behold, [there was] a basket of summer [ripe] fruit.
2) And he said, Amos, what seest thou?
And I said, A basket of summer [ripe] fruit.
3) Then said the Lord unto me,
The end [ripeness] is come upon my people Israel;
I will not again pass by them any more.
And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day.
The dead bodies shall be many; in every place have they cast them forth: be silent.
This vision of Amos sets forth a series of punishments which have overtaken or threaten to overtake the land. “The first two refer to dangers already past at the time of the discourse, the last two to the future.” In form, again, the first two and the last two exhibit a close affinity with one another. All four strophes have eight lines apiece and begin with the same phrase; in all four the second line begins in the same fashion, but proceeds differently even in the verses of each couple. In the third line the couples diverge entirely, the twin strophes alone remaining in close correspondence.
This method of working on a definite plan was a favourite one with the prophets. The change of picture in the same framework produces a lasting impression, and the repetition of the same form with a different substance fixes the mind on the thing seen, which is in danger of vanishing all too quickly. The responsion in verses apparently different is very noteworthy; as are lines 7 and 8 respectively, where the desolate places of Isaac correspond to the songs of the temple changed into howlings, and the rising with the sword of the third strophe to the many dead bodies of the fourth.
AN EXAMPLE FROM EZEKIEL
I take another example of correspondence between the strophes from the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, Chap. xxi.
1)
And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,
6)
And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying
,
2)
Son of man
,
7)
Son of man
,
Set thy face
toward the South.
Set thy face
toward Jerusalem
And drop thy word
toward the South,
And drop thy word
toward the Sanctuaries,
And prophesy against
the forest of the field in the South;
And prophesy against
the land of Israel;
3)
And say to the
forest of the South:
8)
And say to the
land of Israeclass="underline"
Hear the word of the Lord;
Thus saith the Lord God:
Thus saith the Lord:
Behold I will
kindle a fire
in thee
Behold I am against thee,
And it shall
devour
every
green
tree in thee and every
dry
tree.
And will
draw forth
my
sword
from its sheath
And will
cut off from thee
the
righteous
and the
wicked
.
9) Seeing that I will
cut off from
thee the
righteous
and the
wicked
.
The flaming fire
shall not be quenched
,
Therefore shall my
sword
go forth out of its sheath against all flesh
And all faces shall
be burnt thereby
.
From the north to the south.
From the north to the south.
4)
And all flesh shall see
10)
And all flesh shall know
That I, the Lord
, have
kindled
it:
That I the Lord
have drawn forth my
sword
out of its
sheath
;
It shall not be quenched.
It shall not return any more.
THE SONG OF THE SWORD
One of Ezekiel’s grandest poems is the Song of the Sword. The sword from the North in the hand of Nebuchadrezzar comes forth against Jerusalem and destroys the last remnant of life in the perishing city. The introduction to the Song of the Sword is an allegory such as Ezekiel loves; he looks in prophetic trance towards the south and sees a fire approaching from thence which seizes upon the forest of the south and devours the green tree and the dry. Then he solves the riddle, thus interpreting the vision. By placing the riddle and the interpretation in parallel columns, we obtain a classic example of strict responsion.
As a third example of the responsion I select Matthew vii. 13, 14,
Enter ye in by the narrow gate:
For
wide
is the
gate
,
For
narrow
is the
gate
,
And
broad
is the
way
,
And
straitened
the
way
,
That
leadeth to destruction
That
leadeth unto life
,
And
many
be they that enter in thereby.
And
few
be they that find it.
In order to grasp the fundamental idea, that of the responsion, let us once more clearly define that of the strophe and antistrophe.
STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE DEFINED
The strophe consists of a number of verses combined so as to form a larger whole; it contains a sheaf of ideas which express a single idea, just as a sheaf of rays unites to form a single light.
The antistrophe represents an analogous or contrasting idea, which is, like the former, the sum or product of another sheaf of ideas, and answers to the former in some or all of its component parts.
Accordingly the responsion, thus conceived of, is the formal expression of this relation of two or more strophes to one another. Where the principle of the responsion is strictly carried out each line of the first strophe corresponds to the corresponding line of the second, either verbally or substantially, and in the latter case either by parallelism or antithesis. The similarity of the majority of lines which thus correspond throws the differences at certain points into strong relief and renders them all the more forcible and impressive.