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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
This discourse certainly did honor to the good sense of France. In spite of the intrigues of the learned doctors of the university, the King and the episcopacy early and clearly remarked the revolutionary and anarchistic tendency of Basel. As for the amicably regulating relation of the churches of France with the holy see to remedy certain abuses, the thing was not difficult. It would have been sufficient to send some more bishops to Florence like the Bishop of Meaux. All would have been very quickly arranged, to the satisfaction of everybody, and the example of France would have drawn the rest of the Occident. But to desire a third council was not of the same wisdom. Thus the Pope took good care not to consent to it.
In 1444 Eugenius IV created the Dauphin of France, who was afterward King Louis XI, grand gonfalonier of the Roman Church, granting him a pension of fifteen thousand florins, to be taken annually from the apostolic chamber. The Dauphin made an expedition to the gates of Basel, where he overcame a corps of Swiss and spread consternation among those who were still at the pretended council. This expedition was followed by a long truce between France and England; an event which was considered as the prelude to a good peace. In order to obtain from God this good, so necessary and so much desired, there were public fêtes at Paris, among others a solemn procession in which were carried all the holy relics of the city.
In November, 1446, King Charles VII, being at Tours, made with his council a plan of accommodation between the two parties that divided the Church. It arranged that all the censures published on one side and the other should be revoked; that Pope Eugenius should be recognized by all as before the schism; that Monsieur de Savoie, called Felix by his adherents, should renounce the popedom; that he should hold the highest rank in the Church, next to the person of the Pope, and that his partisans should be also maintained in their dignities, grades, and benefices.
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CHRONOLOGY OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY
EMBRACING THE PERIOD COVERED IN THIS VOLUME
A.D.
1301-1438
JOHN RUDD, LL.D.
Events treated at length are here indicated in large type; the numerals following give volume and page.
Separate chronologies of the various nations, and of the careers of famous persons, will be found in the Index Volume, with volume and page references showing where the several events are fully treated.
A.D.
1301. In Hungary the crown becomes elective; end of the Arpad dynasty.
Dante begins writing his Divine Comedy, See "Dante Composes the Divina Commedia," vii, 1.
1302. Philip the Fair convenes the first meeting of the States-General of France. See "Third Estate Joins in the Government Of France," vii, 17.
Dante and his party banished from Florence. See "Dante Composes the Divina Commedia," vii, 1.
Comyn is appointed regent by the Scots, who make another effort to regain their independence.
Pope Boniface VIII issues a bull against Philip the Fair, who burns it, accuses him of simony and heresy, and refuses to acknowledge him as pope.
Battle of Courtrai; the Flemings defeat the French. See "War of the Flemings with Philip the Fair of France," vii, 23.
1303. Pope Boniface VIII is surprised at Anagni by William de Nogaret, King Philip's adviser; after being kept for some days a prisoner he is rescued and allowed to return to Rome, where he dies.
Scotland submits to Edward I of England.
Andronicus Palæologus, the Byzantine Emperor, engages the Catalan Grand Company to aid him against the Turks.85
1304. Roger di Flor defeats the Mongols, enters Philadelphia, and stations himself at Ephesus.
1305. Wallace, "Hero of Scotland," is executed. See "Exploits and Death of William Wallace, the Hero of Scotland," vi, 369.
Beginning of the so-called Babylonish Captivity, being the establishment of the papal court at Lyons, France.
1306. A grandson of the first claimant, Robert Bruce, is crowned King of Scotland; he dispossesses the English of a great part of Scotland.
On complaint of the nobility and gentry the use of sea-coal is prohibited in London.
1307. Death of Edward I; his son, Edward II, succeeds to the English throne.
Charges against the Knights Templars. See "Extinction of the Order of Knights Templars," vii, 51.
1308. Albert of Austria assassinated by his nephew; Henry VII, Count of Luxemburg, elected emperor of Germany.
Origin of the Swiss confederations according to common traditions.86 See "First Swiss Struggle for Liberty," vii, 28.
1309. Pope Clement V removes the papal court from Rome to Avignon, France.
Rhodes captured from the Turks by the Knights of St. John.
1310. Fifty Knights Templars are burned in Paris.
Expedition of Henry VII of Germany into Italy to restore the imperial authority. He obtains the throne of Bohemia for his son John, inaugurating the Luxemburg dynasty.
1311. Fifteenth general council (Council of Vienne); it suppresses the order of Knights Templars, and condemns the Beghards (Beguins), a begging order of monks and nuns.
Matteo Visconti secures the sovereignty of Milan.
Walter de Brienne quarrels with the Catalans and is defeated and slain by them; they conquer the duchy of Athens and appoint Roger Deslau grand duke.
1312. Henry VII unsuccessful in an attempt on Florence.
Gaveston, a foreigner and favorite of the King, and who for some years had made himself obnoxious to the barons and people of England, is made prisoner and beheaded; peace ensues between Edward II and his barons.
Robert, King of Naples, seizes the principal forts in Rome; Henry VII is, notwithstanding, crowned emperor in the Lateran Church by three cardinals.
1313. In conjunction with the Genoese and Sicilians, Emperor Henry VII prepares to attack Robert of Naples, but dies suddenly.
Birth of Boccaccio.
1314. Defeat of the English by the Scots under Robert Bruce. See "Battle of Bannockburn," vii, 41.
Louis of Bavaria and Frederick, son of the late Albert of Austria, are elected by opposite parties to the crown of Germany; they make war on each other.
Ireland invaded by Edward Bruce, a Scottish adventurer, and a younger brother of Robert Bruce.
Louis X succeeds his father, Philip IV, in France.
Molay, grand master of the Knights Templars, is burned at the stake in Paris. See "Extinction of the Order of Knights Templars," vii, 51.
1315. Louis Hutin, King of France, emancipates all serfs within the royal domains on payment of a just surrender charge.
A great victory achieved by the Swiss over the Austrians, under Leopold (brother of Frederick the Handsome) at Morgarten.
1316. Edward Bruce crowned king of Ireland.
Establishment of the Salic law excluding females and their descendants from the throne of France.
A predominance of French cardinals, created by Pope Clement V, secures the election of another French pope, and the continuance of the papal see at Avignon. The new pope, John XXII, appoints eight more cardinals, of whom seven are French.
1317. Birger, King of the Swedes, murders his two brothers and causes a rebellion of his people.
1318. Battle of Dundalk; Edward Bruce defeated and slain by Lord Birmingham; end of the war in Ireland.
Giotto, a friend of Dante, famous in Italy; he was the first painter of portraits from life.
1319. Pope John XXII excommunicates Robert Bruce of Scotland; the Scotch Parliament resists all papal interference in its affairs.
1320.87 The Old English poem Cursor Mundi composed. It was founded on Cædmon's paraphrase of the book of Genesis.
1321. Death of Dante while in exile at Ravenna.
1322. Philip V dies; he is succeeded by his brother, Charles IV, on the throne of France.
Louis the Bavarian triumphs over his rival Frederick of Austria, who is captured.
Queen Isabella, while resident in the Tower of London, first sees Mortimer, who is brought there a prisoner.