An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook's Battle for Domination [calibre 4.99.5]
- Автор: Frenkel Sheera, Kang Cecilia
- Год: 2021
- Язык: английский
- Год: HARPERCOLLINS
- ISBN: 9780062960672
- Жанр: Прочая деловая литература
Электронная книга - «An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook's Battle for Domination [calibre 4.99.5]». Краткое содержание книги:
**Award-winning *New York Times* reporters Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang unveil the tech story of our times in a riveting, behind-the-scenes exposé that offers the definitive account of Facebook’s fall from grace**.
Once one of Silicon Valley’s greatest success stories, Facebook has been under constant fire for the past five years, roiled by controversies and crises. It turns out that while the tech giant was connecting the world, they were also mishandling users’ data, spreading fake news, and amplifying dangerous, polarizing hate speech.
The company, many said, had simply lost its way. But the truth is far more complex. Leadership decisions enabled, and then attempted to deflect attention from, the crises. Time after time, Facebook’s engineers were instructed to create tools that encouraged people to spend as much time on the platform as possible, even as those same tools boosted inflammatory rhetoric, conspiracy theories, and partisan filter bubbles. And while consumers and lawmakers focused their outrage on privacy breaches and misinformation, Facebook solidified its role as the world’s most voracious data-mining machine, posting record profits, and shoring up its dominance via aggressive lobbying efforts.
Drawing on their unrivaled sources, Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang take readers inside the complex court politics, alliances and rivalries within the company to shine a light on the fatal cracks in the architecture of the tech behemoth. Their explosive, exclusive reporting led them to a shocking conclusion: The missteps of the last five years were not an anomaly but an inevitability—this is how Facebook was built to perform. In a period of great upheaval, growth has remained the one constant under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg. Both have been held up as archetypes of uniquely 21st century executives—he the tech “boy genius” turned billionaire, she the ultimate woman in business, an inspiration to millions through her books and speeches. But sealed off in tight circles of advisers and hobbled by their own ambition and hubris, each has stood by as their technology is coopted by hate-mongers, criminals and corrupt political regimes across the globe, with devastating consequences. In *An Ugly Truth* , they are at last held accountable.
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“One example was Paul Ryan. They [Facebook engineers] would straight up say Paul Ryan is trending too much,” said Nuñez, referring to the former Speaker of the House of Representatives. “So, they would keep tweaking the tool until Paul Ryan would stop showing up.”
The source that came forward to speak to Nuñez identified as politically conservative. He believed the public had a right to know about the decisions being made by a small group of people at Facebook. And the article published as a result of those conversations, on the morning of Monday, May 9, 2016, delivered. Titled “Former Facebook Workers: We Routinely Suppressed Conservative News,”4 the bombshell story appeared to confirm suspicions long held by conservatives and long voiced by far-right political pundits like Glenn Beck and Trump campaign leader Steve Bannon. It claimed that Facebook and other gatekeepers of information on the internet were putting their thumbs on the scale.
The piece had a controversial reception, with some questioning its agenda. And within Facebook, members of the Trending Topics team were furious at how the article portrayed their work. While it was true that some of them were uncomfortable with the power they had been given, they were not pushing a liberal or conservative agenda. Their mandate had been to ensure the Trending Topics section did not appear overly repetitive. Now their decisions were being painted as political.
The decision earlier that year to leave Trump’s account untouched had avoided a confrontation with conservatives. But now Facebook was in the hot seat. “It is beyond disturbing to learn that this power is being used to silence view points and stories that don’t fit someone else’s agenda,” the Republican National Committee pronounced in a statement.5
At MPK, Sandberg and Zuckerberg directed their security team to find out who else was leaking to Nuñez, but staff turnover at Trending Topics was high, and most of the people on the team were contractors with little loyalty to the Facebook brand. Zuckerberg turned to his engineers and asked them to review the way Trending Topics worked. Was there a way to ensure, ultimately, that only algorithms decided which topics Facebook users saw?
Sandberg, meanwhile, focused on the PR crisis. Something had to be done to appease the right, but she wasn’t the ideal messenger. Her ties to the Democrats made her a liability; she was rumored to be on a short list for a cabinet position in the likely eventuality of a Clinton administration.6 She was also focused on writing Option B, the follow-up to her 2013 best seller, Lean In, which focused on empowering women in the workplace. The new book, a highly personal guide to building resilience from loss, came from a very different place.
In May 2015, her husband, Dave Goldberg, had succumbed to cardiac arrhythmia while the couple was in Mexico for a friend’s fiftieth birthday celebration. The loss was devastating for Sandberg. Zuckerberg proved to be a source of great support; he helped arrange Goldberg’s memorial service and encouraged Sandberg in moments of doubt about her ability to lead again as she returned to work. She had begun to write Option B as a way of processing her grief while still overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company. In it, she recounted her rocky transition back to work and Zuckerberg’s full support following her loss. The two executives had never been closer, but to Sandberg’s team, she appeared distracted and short-tempered at times. Employees were walking on eggshells, wary of upsetting her.
In June 2016, there had been a particularly unpleasant incident that highlighted the pressure Sandberg was under as she dealt with her loss. She was in Washington, DC, on one of her quarterly visits to rub elbows with government officials and the press. Facebook’s lobbyists had set up a room in the Capitol Building as a pop-up for the company to showcase demonstrations of its new products, including the Oculus VR headset. The room was reserved for two cocktail hours, the first for members of Congress and the second for journalists. Sandberg was the guest of honor at both. She was coming off two days of back-to-back meetings with lawmakers and a speech at the conservative American Enterprise Institute to try to defuse concerns of bias raised from the Trending Topics controversy. The cocktail hours were her last obligations before she could return home.
When she arrived at the Capitol, she was annoyed when she learned she wouldn’t have a chance to meet with Facebook’s employees from the Washington office before the event began. Also, she had asked to take a quick rest somewhere quiet, but it emerged that the lobbyists and Sandberg’s chief aide had neglected to prepare a private greenroom for her between the events.
“How could you forget? I can’t believe it!” she yelled at the aide in the hallway outside the room, in full view of several Washington-based employees. She then turned to a new employee, who was in training to replace her chief aide, and shouted that it was a gross oversight that couldn’t be repeated. “It was a full dressing-down,” one Washington-based employee recalled. Minutes later, the two young women could be heard crying in the bathroom. Greg Mauer, who had worked for former House Speaker John Boehner, asked his former colleagues to find a room in the building for Sandberg. The problem was solved, but the episode sent a sobering message. The COO had become easily angered and impatient after Goldberg’s death; staff were afraid of upsetting her. It had become a management problem, one former employee recalled: “No one wanted to speak up after that.”
When it came to the sticky question of how to handle their conservative critics, Sandberg turned, as was often the case, to Joel Kaplan for advice. He assured her that he could handle the controversy by convening a meeting of top conservative media executives, think tank leaders, and pundits in Menlo Park. It was critical, however, that Zuckerberg agree to play a prominent role in the event.
On May 18, sixteen prominent conservative media personalities and thought leaders—including Glenn Beck of Blaze TV, Arthur Brooks of the American Enterprise Institute, and Jenny Beth Martin of Tea Party Patriots—flew to Menlo Park for the afternoon gathering to air their concerns of political bias. Only Republican Facebook staff were allowed in the room, a former Facebook official said. That meant Peter Thiel, the company’s vocal pro-Trump board member, and a smattering of Washington staff, including Joel Kaplan. Zuckerberg, who over the years had made a point of never publicly declaring his political affiliation, led the ninety-minute meeting over cheese, fruit, and coffee. The guests politely aired their grievances. Some attendees urged Zuckerberg to hire more conservatives. Brooks of AEI warned that the platform should remain neutral on political content; Zuckerberg shouldn’t allow it to become a “monoculture” of a particular political or religious bent.7
Zuckerberg was effusive in his embrace of all political speech and promised that the company did not intend to stifle conservative views. He assured his guests that giving voice to all political viewpoints was good for the mission and the business.
Having an audience with the company’s CEO appeared to help. After the meeting, the group went on a tour of the campus and sat through a demonstration of the Oculus headset. Beck later wrote on his blog that Zuckerberg “really impressed me with his manner, his ability to manage the room, his thoughtfulness, his directness, and what seemed to be his earnest desire to ‘connect the world.’”8