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The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]
- Автор: Gutenberg
- Год: 1905
- Язык: английский
- Жанр: История
Электронная книга - «The Great Events by Famous Historians [Volumes 1-14]». Краткое содержание книги:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 02 / (From the Rise of Greece to the Christian Era)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 03
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 04
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 05 / (From Charlemagne to Frederick Barbarossa)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06 / (From Barbarossa to Dante)
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 07
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 / The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 09
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 10
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 13
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 14
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 17
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 / The Recent Days (1910-1914)
1531. Breach between Henry VIII and Pope Clement VII.
Battle of Kappel; defeat of the army of Zurich by Swiss Catholics; fall of Zwingli.
Henry VIII of England first addressed as "supreme head of the Church."
Publication of Michel Servetus' treatise on the Errors of the Trinity.
1532. Restoration of religious peace, with freedom of worship, in Germany, secured by the Pacification of Nuremberg.
Conquest of Peru. See "Pizarro Conquers Peru," ix, 156.
1533. Cranmer annuls the marriage of Henry VIII with Catherine of Aragon; he marries Anne Boleyn; her coronation.
Marriage of the Dauphin Henry with Catherine de' Medici.
Enforced flight of Calvin from Paris. See "Calvin is Driven from Paris," ix, 176.
Queen Margaret of Navarre, sister of Francis I, avows heretical opinions; her mysteries, farces, and novels give a great impulse to literature in France.
A taste for poetry and refinement of the English language follows the writings of Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomas Wyatt, in England.
1534. Throwing off of the papal authority in England. See "English Act of Supremacy," ix, 203.
Establishment of their disorderly reign of the Anabaptists, under the lead of John of Leyden, in Muenster.
Unsuccessful attempt of the Bishop of Geneva and the Duke of Savoy to reëstablish their authority over Geneva; it is henceforth free.
First fierce persecution of the reformers in France begins.
Discovery of the St. Lawrence by Jacques Cartier.* See "Cartier Explores Canada," ix, 236.
1535. Suppression of the monasteries in England.
Publication in England by Tyndale and Coverdale of a new translation of the Bible.
Settlement of Paraguay and founding of Buenos Aires. See "Mendoza Settles Buenos Aires," ix, 254.
Downfall of the Anabaptists at Muenster; John of Leyden put to death.
After being created a cardinal, Fisher is beheaded in England; the like befalls Sir Thomas More.
1536. Completion of the union between England and Wales.
Henry VIII, on the charge of infidelity, commits Anne Boleyn to the Tower of London; she is executed. Marriage of Henry to Jane Seymour.
Francis I takes Turin and attempts the surprise of Genoa.
Provence invaded by Charles V.
Discovery of California by Cortés.
1537. Death of Jane Seymour, Queen of England.
Further enslavement of the Indians forbidden by a brief of Pope Paul III.
1538. General suppression of monasteries and destruction of relics in England.
Truce of Nice, for ten years, between France and Spain.
Marriage of Mary de Guise with James V of Scotland.
John Calvin expelled Geneva.
1539. Publication of Cranmer's Bible in England.
Calvin, head of the Reformers, founds the University of Geneva.
Beginning of the explorations of De Soto, after his landing in Florida.
Emperor Charles V drives the citizens of Ghent into revolt against his exactions.
1540. Marriage of Henry VIII to Anne of Cleves; she is divorced; the King marries Catherine Howard.
Submission of Ghent to Charles V; he destroys its liberties; many of the citizens find refuge in England.
Papal sanction given to the Society of Jesus. See "Founding of The Jesuits," ix, 261.
Cherry-trees, carried from Flanders, first planted in England.
First known printing in America; done in Mexico. See "Origin and Progress of Printing," viii, 1.
1541. Charles V heads an unsuccessful expedition against Algiers.
Hungary overrun by the Turks, under Solyman the Magnificent.
King John III of Portugal requests Francis Xavier and other Jesuits to undertake missions to his colonies.
De Soto reaches the Mississippi River. See "De Soto Discovers the Mississippi," ix, 277.
1542. Discovery of Japan by the Portuguese.*
Execution of Catherine Howard, fifth queen-consort of Henry VIII. He assumes the title of king of Ireland.
Battle of Solway Moss; successful invasion of Scotland by the English.
War renewed between Francis I and Charles V.
Trade with Japan by the Portuguese permitted.
1543. Marriage of Henry VIII with Catherine Parr.
"Revolution of Astronomy by Copernicus." See ix, 285.
Birth and accession of Mary Stuart to the throne of Scotland; Earl of Arran is regent.
1544. Invasion of Scotland by the English under the Earl of Hertford; they burn Edinburgh.
Mary and Elizabeth restored to the right of succession to the English throne.
1545. Attempted invasion of England by the French.
Nineteenth general council. See "Council of Trent and the Counter-reformation," ix, 293.
Spanish discovery of the silver mines of Potosi.
Massacre of the Vaudois in Southern France.
1546. Burning of George Wishart as a heretic, by order of Cardinal Beaton, the Scottish primate; he is assassinated.
Beginning of the War of the Smalkald League. See "Protestant Struggle against Charles V," ix, 313.
1547. Death of Henry VIII; Edward VI succeeds his father on the English throne; the Duke of Somerset protector.
Henry II succeeds to the throne of France, on the death of his father, Francis I.
Capture of John Knox, the Scottish reformer; he is condemned to the French galleys.
In Russia the Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan IV (the Terrible), assumes the title of czar or tsar.
1548. Publication of the Augsburg Interim. See "Protestant Struggle against Charles V," ix, 313.
1549. In England the Act of Uniformity, regulating public worship, is passed.
Formal uniting of the Netherlands with the Spanish crown by Charles V.
Francis Xavier lands in Japan. See "Introduction of Christianity into Japan," ix, 325.
Book of Common Prayer adopted in England, under Edward VI.
1550. Promulgation against the heretics in the Netherlands by Charles; the hateful Inquisition established there.
Peace between England and France; Boulogne restored to the latter.
Publication of his Lives of the Painters, by Giorgio Vasari.
1551. After a long siege Magdeburg is taken by Maurice of Saxony.
Turkish ravages on the coast of Sicily; an attack on Malta fails; Tripoli surrenders to them.
Palestrina, the first to reconcile musical science with musical art, made maestro di capella by Pope Julius III.
1552. Adoption of the Forty-two Articles of the Church of England; these were afterward reduced to Thirty-nine.
Alliance of Maurice of Saxony with France; they make war on Charles V, on behalf of the Protestants. The Peace of Passau follows. See "Collapse of the Power of Charles V," ix, 337 and 348.
Seizure of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun by Henry II of France. See "Collapse of the Power of Charles V," ix, 337.
Subjugation of the Tartars of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible of Russia.
1553. Death of Edward VI; his sister, Mary, succeeds to the English throne.
Unsuccessful attempt of the Duke of Northumberland to place his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne.
After a stubborn defence by Francis, Duke of Guise, Charles V is compelled to raise the siege of Metz.
Burning of Servetus at Geneva, with Calvin's approval.
1554. Rebellion of Wyatt, in support of Lady Jane Grey's attempt on the crown of England; she is executed.
Queen Mary, of England, marries Philip of Spain.
Regency of Mary de Guise, mother of Mary Stuart, in Scotland.
Astrakhan conquered by Ivan the Terrible.
1555. Peace of Augsburg between the Roman Catholic and Lutheran parties in Germany. See "The Religious Peace of Augsburg," ix, 348.